Pulmonary Hypertension Etiology, Diagnosis And Treatment Progress

Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH,is a group of diseases characterized by progressive increase in right heart load, right cardiac insufficiency, decrease pulmonary blood flow, resulting in a series of clinical manifestations. The pathological changes include pulmonary vasoconstriction, reconstruction, abnormal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cell proliferation and thrombosis。These changes ultimately result in right heart failure and death. Pulmonary hypertension is divided into:idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), familial PAH(FPAH), factors causing pulmonary hypertension (associated PAH, APAH), pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease, pulmonary hypertension with left heart diseases), lung disease and hypoxemia pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases and hypoxemia), and chronic thrombosis and/or embolism pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disea, CTEPH), neonatal pulmonary hypertension (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN).Patients with symptoms of pulmonary hypertension have significantly increased pulmonary artery pressure, but diagnosis are often delayed. To improve the understanding of pulmonary hypertension, early screening,early treatment is essential. In this paper, we review the cause,diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in three aspects.