| Background UNAIDS pointed out that ethnic minorities female is one of vulnerable populations in China. AIDS epidemic in minority areas has its own special national and regional features, which deepened gender inequality and brought great harm to women. With the domestic detection range and population continues to expand, The HIV/AIDS positive number could grow. Moreover, social factors of AIDS will change with the change of society. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the social impact of female PLWHA population in ethnic minority areas in Yunnan and to carry out the crucial for AIDS prevention and control work.Objectives To understand female individuals with AIDS among PLWHA at minority nationality, included social demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, believe, risk behavior, society (medical environment, social capital), structure factors (migration, social stigma and discrimination). Then analyze the effect of social factors to female PLWHA.Methods Cross-sectional study, I take occasional sampling among female PLWHA at Lincang (Cangyuan, Yunxian), Pu’er (West Union, Jinggu), Dehong (Ruili), Kunming (Yiliang), Then under the principle of informed consent, to do questionnaire and face to face interviews.Results1. Personal Factors(1)Social demographic characteristic:Valid questionnaires has 366 copies, Cangyuan has 103, Yunxian 93, Ruili 52, Ximeng 24, Jinggu 33. There are 196 Han people and 170 ethnic minorities. Average age is 35 years old. More than half (53%) education background is literacy or primary. Nearly half people (45.1%) occupation is labor. The average monthly income of 1,688.86 Yuan; 63.4% in the non-single status; the vast majority (98.6%) had no religion. Most (73.5%) infected by sexually transmitted.More than half (66.7%) previously worked at nine possible high-risk areas.(2) AIDS related knowledge:Awareness rate of AIDS knowledge is 86.3%. The question number is 8, correct answer rate is over 70%. The highest transmission is by blood (98.9%), the minimum(75.1%) is by insect bites. Most of knowledge is spread by doctor (55.4%). Knowledge factors are education (OR=1.582), the number of extramarital sex partners (OR=1.560), survey sites, the time of disease informed (OR = 0.410), individuals seeking HIV-related inspection initiative (OR= 0.443).(3) Sexual openness:195 people have conservative sexual value (53.3%), while 171 have a openness sexual. The median is 26 (P25=22, P75=33). Factors:Single status (OR=0.513), previous high-risk workplaces (OR= 0.528), survey sites, national (OR= 0.498), the age (OR=0.654), public discrimination (OR=1.049), previous long-term work outside the county (OR= 1.792).(4) High-risk behavior:More than half (52.5%) had no extramarital sexual partners; nearly half (44.8 percent) for the first time sexual behavior happened in adulthood, most (62%) did not drink within the past three months. The rates of condom use for marriage partner and extramarital sexual partners are 71.1% and 81.0%. Nearly half (47.5%) had extramarital sexual partners, the risk factors of extramarital sexual partners is a national (OR=4.835) and alcohol (OR=3.378). The factors of condom use are knowledge and ethnic group (OR=4.105). The degree of most dangerous sexual partners (69.9%) is in two, which affected by national (OR= 1.64) and extra-marital sexual partners (OR= 3.68, OR= 4.42).2. Level of social factors(1) Medical environment:Most of people (79.2%) take 0-3 hours to arrive hospital. Most of them (62%) have the initiative consciousness to hospital, the majority (72.1%) for medical treatment frequency is 0-3 month/times. There is statistically significance in treatment time, consciousness and the frequency of ethnic. (p<0.05)(2)Social Capital: ①Social relation and status of network resources:Among them, there are 24 (6.6%) did not have any contact with relatives,86 (23.5%) did not have any friends to provide support and assistance,210 (57.4%) are lived with their families,258 (70.5%) talked to people regularly,64 (17.5%) believe that no one ever care about them. There is different statistically significance in different areas. (p< 0.05). ②Social Participation:Most people (75.8%) did not participate in any organization; 26.7% participated people never participated in organized activities; the majority (74.6%) community/village does not have organized activities. There is different statistically significance in different areas. (p<0.05) ③Social assistance: 19.90% of sick people do not get any care and help, the same to 68 (22.40%) when they have economic crises, there is different statistically significance in different areas. (p< 0.05).④Trust issue:Most of people (66.6%)do not trust officer in community /village, more than half (64.2%) expressed no confidence in the medical staff, there is different statistically significance in different areas. (p<0.05)3. Structure Factors(1) Migration:136 female (36.6%) had a long-term work at outside country, there is different statistically significance in different areas. (p<0.05)(2) Social stigma and discrimination:In scale, the median is 106 (P25=93, P75=120). Factors:High-risk behavior index (extramarital sex partners), medical indicators (treatment time), social capital indicators (whether communicate to others or not, relation with neighbors, friends and colleague, trust to community/village cadres).ConclusionsDifferent social factors interacted mutually, which leads to the different ability to Cope with HIV/AIDS in different areas and nations; The survey crowd’s ability to cope with the threat of AIDS has increased, but there are still factors increase the risk of HIV/AIDS.(1) language,cultural barriers and traffic block has reduced related service accessibility;(2) single way to HIV/AIDS related knowledge acquirement;(3) marriage weakened by the binding of traditional culture;(4) alcohol increases the occurrence of sex outside of marriage;(5) lack of social capital to development.(6) Discrimination caused the increase of Migration. |
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