Spatial Correlation Analysis Between Highway And Residents’ Mortality In Beijing, China

Background The rapid development of highway had caused many negative impacts to the surrounding environment and residents’ life though it brought huge economic benefits. At present, studies have shown that the risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer of highway surrounding residents were higher than non-highway surrounding residents. And the rapid development of highway traffic pollution has received widespread attention of research workers.Objective The study compared the diseases mortality differences between1km buffer area and l-2km buffer area on the basis of the spatial distribution of diseases mortality in Beijing residents in2010.To provide scientific reference for highway surrounding environmental pollution control and residents’health care strategies and theoretical basis for optimizing allocation of health resources and formulating public health policy.Methods The death data of Beijing residents in2010were from the national death registration report information system. The electronic map scale of county and township administrative division of Beijing was1:1000000. To set up the mortality of natural cause diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and lung cancer to spatial database in ArcGIS10.0software based on the codes of county and township field of death data and electronic map. To analyze distribution characteristics of deaths in lkm buffer area and1-2km buffer area of Beijing-Tibet highway (G6), Beijing-Shanghai highway (G2) and Beijing-Kaifeng highway (G45) after population data grid transformation and residential geocoding.Results The standardized mortality rates of natural cause diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and lung cancer were388.10/100000,193.46/100000,40.73/100000,31.53/100000with higher in November, December and January in Beijing in2010.The spatial distribution of four types mortality were showing high-high areas gathered phenomenon after Spatial Empirical Bayesian Smoothing. The relative rates(RR) of natural cause diseases, respiratory diseases were1.13and1.34with P values were less than0.05, while the RR of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and lung cancer were1.08and1.34with P values were more than0.05when we calculated residents’ mortality in1km buffer area and1-2km buffer area of G6highway. The RR values of natural cause diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and lung cancer were1.85,2.06,2.45,4.51of G2highway and2.07,1.70,2.30,3.05in G45highway which P values were less than0.05.The RR values of four causes of deaths were1.42,1.31,1.48,1.85and P<0.05when we compared the mortality in lkm buffer area of G45highway to the Beijing’s death level,and the RR values were0.60,0.56,0.57and0.68,P<0.05of G6highway.Conclusion The mortality rates of natural cause diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, lung cancer were higher in men than women, higher in the elderly people than youth and higher in winter and spring than other season in Beijing in2010.The spatial distribution of residents’mortality were showing local accumulation and high-high areas gathered obviously. The residents’mortality rates were higher in lkm buffer areas than1-2km buffer areas of G6, G2and G45highways.