| Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is characterized by its sudden,repetitive, and involuntary movements or vocalizations with different degrees of intensity and frequency. Also, Tourette syndrome owns an unpredictable duration feature. The typical age of onset is between five to seven years old children. However, the symptoms of the majority of children will improve when they reach their late teens or early adulthood. The affected individuals are at higher risk for the development of various comorbid conditions, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).depression, and anxiety. For more than a century, doctors have considered the corresponding central and pathogenetic mechanisms while discussing mental symptoms of Tourette syndrome, which are still unsettled. Neuroimaging tudies find the abnormalities of frontal lobe, parietal lobe, hippocampus, basal ganglia and other brain regions which dominate cognition, emotion and behavior are correlated with Tourette syndrome Neurobiological researchers also present the involvement of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) pathway in these patients. The evidence derived from pharmacological studies reveal that the dysfunction of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome. Schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome have largely overlapping damaged brain regions, and the dopaminergic dysfunction is also a main pathological factor of schizophrenia. Does it happen during the different stage of same disease? Or does it happen in the continuous development of different diseases? The present study would retrospect a case of schizophrenia patient caused by Tourette syndrome with obsessive-compulsive disorder, who was an inpatient from the psychiatric department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and we would focus on the perspectives of comorbidity, neuroimaging, and neurotransmitter. |
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