Explore The Clinical Value Of The HECW1 Gene Mutation And Protein Abnormal Expression In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Urologic Neoplasms

Objective: To investigate the HECW1 gene mutation,which we have found as a candidate gene related to bladder cancer by the second generation sequencing, in bladder cancer tissues, renal cancer tissues and prostate cancer tissues by Sanger sequencing.Study the HECW1 protein expression in bladder cancer tissues, renal cancer tissues and prostate cancer tissues by immunohistochemical method, combined with clinical and pathologic data, to explore the clinical value of HECW1 protein abnormal expression in the diagnosis and treatment of urologic neoplasms.Methods:In the first part, we took 93 cases of post-operative bladder cancer tissues and 20 para-carcinoma tissues as control, 25 paired renal cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues, 18 paired prostate cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues, then made them into paraffin specimens. Using OMEGA DNA extraction kit to extract DNA from these specimens, after amplification of the target area of DNA fragment by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), Sanger sequencing was used to study the HECW1 gene mutation.In the second part, we detected the expression of HECW1 protein in all specimens from the first part by immunohistochemistry, then we analyzed the relationship between expression of HECW1 and clinical and pathologic features.Results:In the first part:(1) We found 1 having HECW1 gene mutation in 93 specimens. This case had 2 mutation sites and they were both missense mutations. Meanwhile there were no mutations in its para-carcinoma, incipient and relapse tissues. The rest of bladder cancer and para-carcinoma tissues had no mutations.(2) We found none HECW1 gene mutation in 25 paired renal cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues.(3) We found none HECW1 gene mutation in 18 paired prostate cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues.In the second part:(1) The positive rate of HECW1 protein in bladder cancer was 64.52%(60/93), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in para-carcinoma tissues was 15.00%(3/20). The difference between them was significant(P<0.05). The positive rate of HECW1 protein in bladder cancer(tumor size >3cm) was 84.38%(27/32), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in bladder cancer(tumor size≤3cm) was 54.10%(33/61). The difference between them was significant(P<0.05). The positive rate of HECW1 protein in recurrent bladder cancer was 87.50%(21/24), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in primary bladder cancer was 56.52%(39/39). The difference between them was significant(P<0.05). The positive rate of HECW1 protein in invasion bladder cancer was 85.42%(41/48), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in no-invasion bladder cancer was 42.22%(19/45). The difference between them was significant(P<0.05). There were no significance between different expression levels of HECW1 protein with age, sex, tumor number and pathological grades(P>0.05).(2) The positive rate of HECW1 protein in renal cancer was 60.00%(15/25), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in para-carcinoma tissues was 84.00%(21/25). The difference between them was insignificant(P<0.05). There were no significance between different expression levels of HECW1 protein with age, sex and clinical stages(P>0.05).(3) The positive rate of HECW1 protein in prostate cancer was 83.33%(15/18), while the positive rate of HECW1 protein in para-carcinoma tissues was 33.33%(6/18). The difference between them was significant(P<0.05). There were no significance between different expression levels of HECW1 protein with age, cancer differentiation and pathological stages(P>0.05).Conclusion:(1) The expression of HECW1 protein in bladder cancer is higher than the control, different expression levels of HECW1 protein have a correlation with tumor size, recurrence and infiltration; The expression of HECW1 protein in prostate cancer is higher than the control.(2) HECW1 protein abnormal expression is somewhat relative with the occurrence and development of urologic neoplasms, the function and action mechanism of the protein remain to be further researched.(3) HECW1 gene mutation rate is low in bladder cancer, and the coverage of sequencing is needed to increase.