The Genetic Diversity Analysis In Vicia Spp

Vicia genus plants are suitable for cultivation in alpine and high-altitude areas, which supply protein feed for Tibet plateau in China. The study of this species is still scarce in palynology and molecular markers at present. It limited the scholar to understand the scientific classification of this genus, genetic relationships and the application in molecular breeding. In this study, we used the germplasm of Vicia to observe their pollen by scanning electron microscopy, karyotye to realize the genetic and evolutionary relationship of this genus. Meanwhile, we obtained 95 pairs of polymorphic EST-SSR primers by vetch transcriptome sequence.Most species in Vicia genus is a diploid and self-pollinating species which are commonly used as windbreak and sand water conservation. Here, we collected 43 V. germplasms from 22 countries such as China, America, Germany and Ethiopia. The chromosomal karyotypes of 43 accessions were studied by the root tip cells. The results showed that there are five kinds of chromosome number:10,12,14,16 and 24. There are six kinds of karyotypes:2A, 1B,2B,3B,2C and 3C. In this study, the chromasome karyotypes of 43 V. accessions were elaborately calculated, which provided the important scientific basis for the researches of cytological characteristics and evolutionary tendency.We collected 24 germplasms in V. from China, USA, Turkey and Syria etc.14 countries. The pollen morphology of 24 accessions was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that V. pollens exsit as single grain. Pollens were 23 species in three-lobed circular and one species in triangular in polar view. Pollens were 10 species in oblate, six species in oblate spherical, five species in suboblate, two species in prolate and one in spheroidal in equatorial view with three channel apertures reaching both poles. Polar axis length was 9.60±1.52-30.50±1.29μm, and equatorial axis length was 8.75±0.50-47.50±1.29μm. Pollen surface ornamentation had five types such as reticulate, brain-like, warty, foveolate and flaky. In this study, the pollens’morphologies of 24 V. accessions were elaborately observated, and discussed their taxonomic characteristics, which laid the basis for researching the diversity of V. genus.we developed and characterised some polymorphic EST-SSR markers from the vetch Illumina transcriptome. The number of the vetch Illumina transcriptome accession in NCBI is No. GSE35437. There is a total number of 1,071 potential EST-SSR markers were identified from 1025 unigenes. These markers lengths were greater than 1,000 bp. We designed and synthesized a pairs of 450 primers. Finally, in the 10 common vetch accessions there is 95 polymorphic primer pairs were developed, which included 50 plants. In these EST-SSR markers, the (PIC) polymorphism information content values were from 0.09 to 0.98. The number of alleles were from three to 13. However, the (HE) expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.11 to 0.98. The (Ho) observed heterozygosity values is from 0.00 to 1.00. These 95 EST-SSR markers developed from the vetch Illumina transcriptome could greatly promote the development of genetic and molecular breeding studies pertaining to in this species.