Articulation Characteristics And Rehabilitation Nursing Methods Of Preschool Children With Functional Articulation Disorders

FAD which is short for functional articulation disorders is a type of incorrect articulation which is common in preschool children.Incorrect consonant articulation which is often fixed is commonly found.With the development of society and the improvement of health consciousness,much attention is gradually paid by the parents of children with FAD.Owing to the unclear pronunciation,children are often mocked and ridiculed in life and marginalized in social interaction,and thus a psychological sense of inferiority is gradually formed.Moreover,great difficulties may face the children with FAD in future learning of Chinese and English because of the incorrect pronunciation.In the long run,the social adaptation ability of children can be heavily affected,however,the adverse effects on education,social interaction and psychology that articulation disorder bring to the patients can be prevented or mitigated through timely rehabilitation.The purpose of this research is to form effective speech training methods in order to provide the reference for the development of clinical assessment and treatment of FAD through the analysis of pronunciation characteristics of children with FAD. 1. Analysis of articulation characteristics of preschool children ObjectiveTo discuss the articulation characteristics of preschool children with functional articulation disorders Methods95 patients diagnosed with FAD were selected as research objective.They all came from speech therapeutic room in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during June 2013 to December 2013, male 74 cases, female 21 cases, aging from 4 years old to 6 years old. The ratio of male to female was 3.5:1. Recording in patients with FAD was finished according to the speech intelligibility list by using CSL and mandarin and taking the leading way, then the assessment and classification of recording information was finished. ResultsBilabial and labiodental consonant articulation errors were mainly about the replacement of /p/ and /f/ with /b/; dental /d/ and /t/are often replaced by /j/ and/q/ when combined with vowels and /i/ was taken as medial vowel, /t/ mainly showed unaspiration and was replaced by /d/; tongue lateral articulation mistakes were mainly about replacement with /n/ and /y/ or dropping; backlingual consonant were often replaced by /d/ and /t/ or showed mutual replacement in the same place of articulation of the velar; lingua-palatal phoneme articulation errors mainly manifested replacement in the same place of articulation, such as the replacement of /q/ and /x/ with /j/ and other replacement with alveolar /d/ and /t/; retroflex sound such as /zh/, /ch/and /sh/ were often replaced by alveolar, dental and lingual-palatal phoneme,and the replacement in the same place of articulation of the retroflex sound mainly showed the replacement of /sh/ and /ch/ with /zh/ and the replacement of /r/ with /y/、/l/ and /e/; errors of dental mainly manifested replacement with alveolar, lingua-palatal phoneme and retroflex sound.ConclusionThe articulation mistakes that children with FAD make mainly show three types:replacement, dropping and distortion, among which the replacement of articulation isthe most common one. From the bilabial consonant and then labiodental to alveolar and finally to retroflex sound and dental, the later the initial consonants are acquired, the higher probability of pronunciation disorder there lies, and more complicated types of errors may appear. Suitable speech training methods should be taken according to the articulation characteristics of children with FAD. 2. Analysis of preschool children with functional articulation disorder rehabilitation training methods.ObjectiveTo explore the rehabilitation training methods of children with FAD.MethodsA total of 60 children diagnosed with FAD were selected for research of rehabilitation training methods. During January 2014 to November 2014 from Department of Speech Therapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University. Among them, male 48 cases, female 12 cases, aging from 4 years old to 6 years old, median age is(5.15±0.73) years old. The patients’ articulation was recorded by the computer speech lab manufacturing USA KAYPENTAX company as an assistant tool of the speech training. By Wang Guomin compiled speech intelligibility list as a recording andevaluate the effect of training materials in this study. The effect of speech training by two people evaluationed according to the materials before and after the training.ResultsAfter the speech training, the phonetic intelligibility of children has increased from52.20% before speech therapy to 89.90% after speech therapy, incresing by 37.70%, the differences were statistically significant(t=-22.412, P﹤0.001). ConclusionTo explore speech training method should be based on the characteristics of children with FAD pronunciation. The rehabilitation training methods this research established for children with FAD are effective, can significantly improve the childrens’ speech intelligibility.