| Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used in Asian traditional medicine, particularly in China over past 2 millenia.Ganoderma lucidum was named grass of immortal and has been considered as a magical herb in those ancient legends and myths of China. Ganoderma lucidum is the most famous medicinal mushroom and commonly referred to as King of mushrooms.The production of mushroom has recently attracted the attention of people as it has become the biggest solid-state fermentation industry in the world.The used substrates produced during the cultivation of mushroom are known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and they are normally considered as an agriculture waste. After the growing and the harvest of mushroom, the nutritional substances in the substrate are no longer advantageous for mushroom growth.Spent mushroom substrates have been considered as an agriculture waste, without significant values; however the substrates are rich in organic matters and nutrients which can be of considerable benefits in different agricultural or non-agricultural areas, such as enzyme production, bioremediation, animal feeding, crop production, and energy feedstock.In the mushroom producing countries, the disposal of the spent mushroom substrate is one of major environmental problems, for each kilogram of mushroom grown and harvested about 5kgs of SMS are produced.Spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidum Cultivated by JUNCAO contains a lot of nutritional substances. Although Ganoderma lucidum have been used in Chinese medicine because of its health effects, only few studies on the uses and benefits of its spent mushroom substrate for animal feeding have been reported. This study carried out on investigation of the effects of the extract from spent mushroom substrate after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on serum antioxidant capacity of 20 mice randomly divided into four groups by orally feeding the mice in three experimental groups with hot water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum spent substrate (50,100 and 200 mg/kg/BW) for 28 days. Fresh spent substrate was collected after the complete harvest of Ganoderma lucidum. The spent mushroom substrates were extracted by hot water for 5 hours with the proportion of (1:10 V/V).Centrifugation and remaining SMS were collected and extracted two more times by Hot water for 4 hours with the proportion of (1:8 W/V). The liquid extract was separated from the solid residues by centrifugation (4000 rpm,15 min).The supernatant was collected and treated with Sevag reagent (Chloroform:n-butanol 4:1 v/v) 7 times for protein depletion.The supernatant was filtered and concentrated in Rotary vacuum evaporator at 0.09 MPa; and the temperature of 55℃-65℃. Then Hot water extracts powders were produced with spray drying process. The effects on body weight and lymphoid organ weight were evaluated. The serum antioxidant capacity was measured by (ELIS A) Kit.The results showed an increase on TAOC of experimental groups in relation to the control group (P>0.05). Antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and GSH-Px were also increased (P<0.05). In addition, MAD was decreased in dose dependent manner (P＜0.05). The level of catalase were increased and it was having a high elevation at the dose of 200mg/kg/BW, the mean values of Control group, group 1, group 2 and group 3 were as follow 234.7297 U/mL,255.4054 U/mL,269.1892 U/mL,278.3784 U/mL.The levels of SOD were increased at all the dose levels tested and the average values of Control, Group1,2 and 3 were 190.4688 U/mL,248.4375 U/mL,222.3438 U/mL and 261.7188 U/mL respectively.The assessed levels of GSH-Px were dose-dependently increased and were significant at dose of 100mg/kg/BW and 200mg/kg/BWwith the mean values of 65.1250 U/mL,84.0625 U/mL, 117.3125 U/mL and 128.1875 for control group, group 1,2 and 3.Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were enhanced at all the dose levels tested, The average values of Control, Groupl,2 and 3 were 258.1395 U/mL,272.0930 U/mL,304.3023 U/mL and 321.9767 U/mL respectively.Also there was a dose dependent decrease in serum MAD concentration as shown by the mean values of control group, group 1,2 and 3:284.8485 nmol/mL,261.8182 nmol/mL, 255.6061 nmol/mL,244.3939 nmol/mL.The findings of our experimental study have shown that the Hot Water Extracts from Ganoderma ludidum spent substrates possibly have an antioxidant capacity on serum of mice and they have not caused any negative effect on the body weight and organ relative weights (Thymus and Spleen) of treated mice.They also showed that GLSS have the capacity of reducing lipid peroxidation in the serum of mice, suggesting that HWE from Ganoderma lucidum spent substrate can be used as an additive to animals’ diet to enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune functions of mice. |
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