The Investigation Of Babesia Spp.Infections On Blood Donors And Of Ticks And Tick-borne Pathogens In A Police Dog Breeding And Training Base In Guangxi

Babesia mainly parasitic in the mammals’red blood cells,accidentally colonize the human body,breeding in the human red blood cells,make much damage of red blood cells.More than 100 known Babesia species have been identified which infect many types of mammalian hosts,Babesia microti,Babesia divergens are commonly infected human[1].In 1888, the Hungarian pathologist and microbiologist Victor Babes, identified cattle febrile hemoglobinuria pathogens which is parasitic in intracellular microbes, therefore this pathogen is known as Babesia. Five years later, Theobald Smith and Frederick 1. Kilborne proved tick is propagation medium of Babesia bigemina in Texas cattle. The first documented human babesiosis was identified since 1956, Babesiosis is classified as a nationally notifiable disease and is recognized as an emerging health risk in the world.Babesiosis is a blood infectious desease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of Babesia spp.. Babesiosis cases,reported in USA, were mostly caused by Babesia microti, and the vector was the Ixodesdammini tick (now referred to as Ⅰ. scapularis)[2]　and European Babesiosis just was caused by Babesia divergens infection in patients with splenectomy[3].Babesiosis,a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan infection of zoonotic[4],has been recognized as the foremost infection risk to the blood supply, widely in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, affect human health[15-6]. Most symptomatic patients become ill 1 to 4 weeks after the bite of B. microti-infected tick and 1 to 9 weeks after transfusion of contaminated blood products[4,7]. After a gradual onset of malaise and fatigue, fever usually develops, with a peak temperature that can be as high as 40.9 ℃. Chills and sweats are common and may be accompanied by headache, myalgia,anorexia, nonproductive cough, arthralgia,and nausea,Occasional symptoms include vomiting, sore throat,abdominal pain, conjunctival injection, photophobia, weight loss, emotional lability, depression, and hyperesthesia. On physical examination, fever is the most common sign. It may be accompanied by splenomegaly or occasionally by pharyngeal erythema, hepatomegaly [8]. Babesiosis severity is mainly dependent on the patient’s immune status and Babesia species immunodeficiency or poor crowd more easily infected, tend to occur in ticks region, especially ticks active during the spring and autumn season, the infection is more severe[9].Babesia can be spread by ticks,can also be transmitted by blood transfusion. In endemic areas, whether unpaid blood donation carry babesiosis is no survey data,patients needing blood transfusion had no better immune function,once inputed the blood containing babesia, prone to opportunistic pathogenic.Therefore,checking Babesia infection situation and distribution characteristics in blood donation member, is the guarantee for blood transfusion safety.As the disease has been valued gradually,Babesiosis of testing method are also changing. Etiology detection method based on optical microscope; Serological methods, such as Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), etc; But etiology, serology detection methods lack of sensitivity, specificity, and molecular methods based on nucleic acid detection with high sensitivity, strong specificity, this research mainly adopts on the Babesia spp.18s ribosomal RNA Nest - PCR to screen blood donor samples, and combining the Babesia spp. beta - tubulin Nest - PCR, morphological observation, indirect fluorescent immune experiment to confirm the Babesia spp.18s rRNA preliminary screening results.Babesia can be spread by ticks and can also be transmitted by blood transfusion, unpaid blood donation is a special populations, needing carefully to check the blood-borne infection status and distribution characteristics of the disease. This research surveys Babesia infections positive rate in guangxi province, to supply a reliable basis for the management of infectious diseases, and provide the defensive measure for the administrative department of public health.