| AimEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract,which happens very highly in China.It has a great threaten to human health.In our clinical practice, we discover that the five- year survival rate is very high after resection in early stage,but the five- year survival rate is very low after ablation in late stage. Invasion and metastasis are the leading reasons for death. A large number of scientific studies have shown that the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has a close relationship with abnormal expressions and interactions of multiple genes. GPRC5 A gene(G protein-coupled receptor family C,member 5,group A,gene) is first described in the human oral squamous carcinoma cell line, UMSCC-22 B.The GPRC5 A gene is located on chromosome 12p12.3-p13,and it spans 22.88 kb. Retinoic acid,which is used to treat many kinds of carcinoma, is a intermediate metabolite of vitamin A,and it can regulate growth,differentiation and apoptosis of cell. So The GPRC5 A gene is also called retinoic acid-induced gene 1. The GPRC5 A gene encodes the GPRC5 A protein,which is a member of G protein-coupled receptor family,and it contains seven transmembrane domain structure. Liu discovers the expression of GPRC5 A protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma is significantly lower than that of its expression in normal oral squamous tissues.The expression of GPRC5 A in non-small cell lung cancer is also reduced. Cheng discovers,in tissues of gastric carcinoma, its expression is significantly higher than that of its expression in normal gastric tissues and para-carcinoma tissues. STAT3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)plays the role of transcription factor in the process of gene expression. It can mediate extracellular signals into cell nucleus, influence the transcription of genes and then regulate the cell function. STAT3 protein has a highly homology with the other numbers of singnal transducers and transcription activators. Recent researches have shown that STAT3 protein has an abnormal expression in such malignant tumors as leukemia, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer,breast cancer, malignant melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,skin basal cell carcinoma,lung cancer. The study in lung cancer shows that STAT3 gene is a oncogene,and GPRC5 A inhibits STAT3,partially mediates its anticancer effects. Though the function of STAT3 was studied in esophageal carcinoma and other cancers, but the domestic study of GPRC5 A is very little,and the joint detection of GPRC5 A protein and STAT3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not reported so far. This study tries to test the proteins of GPRC5 A and STAT3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, paracancerous tissues and normal esophageal mucosa tissues and their relations with clinical pathological features. This study may bring new thinking for diagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma. Materials and MethodsWe Collected pathology reports in the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from June 2010 to June 2012.We found the patients’ clinical information according to the patients’ hospitalization number and pathological numbers on the reports.We selected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients without chemoradiotherapy, biotherapy,targeted therapy and other positive therapies before surgery.67 cases were selected randomly. These specimens included esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, tumor adjacent tissues(get tissues less than 3cm from the edge of esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues) and normal esophageal tissues(get tissues more than 3cm away from the edge of esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues).There are 38 male and 29 female, and their ages range from 35 to 80 years old, 36 examples of age ≤60 years old, age>60 years of 31 cases. In histology, 27 cases in(high and high- moderate differentiation(grade I/I-II), 30 cases in moderate differentiation(grade II), 10 cases in low and moderate- low differentiation(grade II-III and III).In the depth of invasion, 33 cases in shallow layer(layer of mucosa or submucosa), 34 cases in deep layer(breakthrough muscle layer to outer membrane), 37 cases with lymph node metastasis, and 30 cases without lymph node metastasis.Using SP immunohistochemical method to make experiments.Data statistics were analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software. The rates between groups were compared by chi square test, Spearman test was used to analyse correlation of the two proteins.The test level of alpha is 0.05. Results(1)The expression of GPRC5 A protein was mainly located in the cell membrane, and the positive expression of color was brown. The positive expression of GPRC5 A protein in normal tissues, tumor adjacent tissues and squamous cell carcinoma were 68.66%, 58.21% and 41.79%. The differences between the groups had statistical significance(P <0.01).(2) The expression of STAT3 was mainly located in cytoplasm and nucleus, and the positive expression of color was yellow brown. The positive expression of STAT3 protein in normal tissues, tumor adjacent tissues and squamous cell carcinoma were 53.73%, 71.64% and 80.60%.The differences between the groups had statistical significance(P <0.01).(3) The expression of GPRC5 A protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had relations with depth of invasion and histology grades(P <0.05), but not with the gender, age, and lymph node metastasis(P >0.05). The expression of STAT3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had relations with depth of invasion and histology grades(P <0.05), but not with the gender, age, and lymph node metastasis(P >0.05).(4) The expressions of GPRC5 A protein and STAT3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showed a negative correlation(r=0.254, P <0.05). Conclusion(1) The expression of GPRC5 A protein in normal esophageal squamous tissues is higher than that of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. The expression of STAT3 protein in normal esophageal squamous tissues is lower than that of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues.(2) The expression of GPRC5 A protein and STAT3 protein have relations with depth of invasion and histology grades.(3) The expressions of GPRC5 A protein and STAT3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma show a negative correlation.The combined detection of GPRC5 A protein and STAT3 protein can make more accurate judgement of biological behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
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