| ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to Chinesize of the CPAQ-8, to evaluate reliabilityand validity of the CPAQ-8-C with old chronic pain patients in Chinese mainland.Analyses the feasibility of the questionnaire in China and provide properinstrument for pain acceptance assessment of Chinese pain elders. To describethe situation and effective factors of pain acceptance. And to provide theevidence for development of pain intervention of old Chinese pain patients.MethodsThe research procedure comprised the following stages.Stage1: Chinesization of the CPAQ-8. The steps concludes iterativeforward-backward translation, culture adjustment and pretest were followed totransform CPAQ-8into CPAQ-8-C. Then, a cluster random sample of235oldchronic pain patients from3Third-Grade Class hospitals in Jinzhou from August,2012to May,2013were recruited; which was investigated with generalcondition questionnaire, SF-MPQ, CPAQ-8-C and SF36.Stage2: Evaluation of CPAQ-8-C. The data was analyzed in SPSS16.0andAmos6.0. Pearson’s correlation, Cronbach’s, exploratory factor analysis andconfirmatory factor analysis were used in evaluation of Identification of items, reliability, validity, reactivity and feasibility.Stage3: Application of CPAQ-8-C. The situation of pain acceptance, painintensity and quality of life of old chronic pain patients was analyzed. Influencingfactors of pain acceptance and the relationship between pain acceptance andquality of life were explored.Results1. Development of CPAQ-8-C.During culture translation,3items have been changed the way ofexpression according to the original meaning of the scale. Such asItem4,“things have changed” has been changed as “chronic pain causedchanges of my body and my mind”. At last, as same as the originalquestionnaire, CPAQ-8-C concludes8items, two subscales-activityengagement(AE) and pain willingness(PW).2. Scientific evaluation of CPAQ-8-C.A total of223pain elders were recruited in the study. Pearson’s correlationbetween items’ score and the whole’s are0.479~0.731(P＜0.01). CPAQ-8-C’soverall Cronbach’s alpha is0.853, and0.796,0.705for AE, PW. RetestCronbach’s alpha are0.850、0.883、0.801. Two factors were extracted by factoranalysis through exploratory factor analysis, whose cumulative contribution was58.217%. While confirmatory factor analysis showed probability level of themodified model was P=0.322, with indexes as follows: χ2/df=1.124, GFI=0.979,AGFI=0.956, TLI=0.069, RMSEA=0.024, NFI=0.960, TLI=0.992, CFI=0.995.Differences of CPAQ-8-C are found in different pain duration. The findingscertify CPAQ-8-C is reliable and valid.3. Application of CPAQ-8-C. (1) CPAQ-8-C is (23.79±5.23), AE is (12.84±4.96), PW is (10.97±2.90).(2) Mild negative correlation exists between pain acceptance and painintensity of pain elders (r=0.346, P＜0.01), that is, the more pain elders felt, thelower their pain acceptance is.(3)The acceptance of pain elders is mainly influenced by painfluency(Beta=-0.528，P＜0.01), numbers of pain locations(Beta=-0.288，P＜0.01), education level(Beta=0.143，P＜0.01), pain intensity(Beta=-0.091，P＜0.01), and marriage status(Beta=0.068， P＜0.05). Which means that theacceptance of chronic pain elders with less pain fluency, less pain locations,higher education level, lower pain intensity and being companied are higher.Conclusions1. Reliability and validity of Chinese-version of Chronic Pain AcceptanceQuestionnaire-8were both well, which can be applied in reseaching painacceptance of Chinese mainland chronic pain elders.2. The average level of pain acceptance of pain elders tend to be higher,and the score of AE is higher than PW. The whole level of pain intensity of theelders is moderate and lower.3. The acceptance of pain elders is influenced by education level, painduration, pain fluency and numbers of pain locations. |
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