Effects Of Metal Components Of Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) On Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Objective1. To detecte the metals on PM2.5, analyzes the pollution and sources, to take measures protect human health.2. To analyze the associations of metal components and Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP), assess the rish of PM2.5and its metal components on cardiovascular.3. To analyze the associations of metal components and8-OHdG, inflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen and the relative of physiological indicators and AIP, explore the mechanism of metal components an PM2.5on atherosclerosis.MethodsWe collected subjects from two communities by a system sampling in Tianjin, and80people aged over60years old without cardivascular disease were recruited. ICP-MS wes used to analyze the concentration of metals in particulate matter. ELISAwas used to analyze the concentration of8-OHdG in urine. Bio-Plex System was used to analyze the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood samples. Von Clauss was used to analyze the concentration of FIB in plasma. Auto Biochemical Analyser biochemical was used to analyze the concentration of TG and HDL-C. According to the formula to calculate AIP.Factor analysis and Enrichment factor analysis were used to analyze the metal pollution and sources, Student’s t test was used to analyze the difference of physical indicators in sex, smoke, drink. Sprearman’s correlation was used to analyze the relativeof metals,8-OHdG, inflammatory cytokines, FIB, AIP. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze associations of metals and8-OHdG, inflammatory cytokines, FIB on AIP.ResuIts1、The individual exposure concentration of PM2.5is (169.78±97.84) μg/m3. The highest element is Al(M=3.29μg/m3), the lowest is V(M=4.06E-3μg/m3). The concentration of metals decreased in the following order:Al> K> Fe> Ca> Mg> Ti> Zn> Cr> Pb> Cd> Cu> Mn> Ni> As> V. The median of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, K are more than1μg/m3. They are highest metal elements of PM2.5.2、Two factors were summarized after factos analysis. High load elements on factor linclude K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr. High load elements on factor2include Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti. Combing with the characteristics of winter climats and activities of subjects, the results suggest that the main sources of pollution elements of PM2.5as K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr are cooking, smoking and outdoor air pollution (coal burning,vehicles exhaust,metallurgy industrial).The main sources of pollution elements of PM2.5as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti are dust storm of outdoor and cleaning of indoor.3、Enrichment factor analysis suggest that Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti,K have enriched in air and their enrichment factors are significant greater than1,while other elements as Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb are lacking in aerosol with enrichment factors lower than1. Condering the characteristics of winter climats and activities of subjects,the results showed the main sources of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti pollution are dust storm of outdoor and cleaning of indoor. The mian sources of K pollution are smoking and cooking.4、Divided subjiects into groups by sex,smoking,drinking, then analyze effects of metals on physical indicators. Fe have postive correlations with IL-6in femal, non-smokers, non-drinkers, the correlation cofficients were0.304,0.322,0.285(P<0.05), respectively. Mn have postive correlations with IL-1β in femal, non-smokers, non-drinkers, the correlation cofficients were0.351,0.298,0.265(P<0.05), respectively. V have postive correlations with FIB in male, non-smokers, non-drinkers, the correlation cofficients were0.403,0.343,0.257(P<0.05), respectively. Zn, Pb have positive correlations with8-OHdG in female and nonsmokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis have no significant results.5、Divided subjiects into groups by sex,smoking,drinking, then analyze effects of physical indicators on AIP. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-y were strong associate with AIP in drinkers, for the range0.681～0.800. IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ have positive correlations with AIP in male (P<0.05). After adjusted confounding factor as sex, age, BMI, smoking, drinking, multiple logistic regression analysis have no significant results (P>0.05).6、Divided subjiects into groups by sex, smoking, drinking, then analyze effects of metals on PM2.5on AIP. Ca was found have negative correlations with AIP in male, non-smoker, non-drinker, the corelation cofficients were-0.444,-0.332,-0.268(P<0.05). V have positive relative with AIP, the cofficient was0.663(P<0.05). K, Cd, Pb have negative correlations with AIP. The multiple logistic regression analysis found that when the AIP risk categories were selected as dependent varible and low risk group as reference group, the regression coefficient of Ca was0.222(0.056,0.871) in the high rish group. Conelusion1、Factor analysis and enrichment factor analysis showed that main pollution metals on PM2.5were Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti, K. Condering the characteristics of winter climats and activities of subjects, the main sources of pollution metals were dusr storm of oudoor and cleaning, smoking, cooking of indoor.2、Components of PM2.5asAl, Ca, Fe, Pb, Mn, K, V have associations with AIP, these metals should be contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.3、Metals as Ca, K, Pb on PM2.5have potential ability to cause oxidative damage.Metals as Al, Fe, Mn, K, Pb on PM2.5have potential ability to regulate levels of inflammatory cytokines.V may change blood coagulation state. Metals on PM2.5may promote the development of atherosclerosis by causing oxidative damage, regulating inflammatory cytokines, changing blood coagulation state.