| Objective This study estimated Luoping County rural residents by smoking and passive smoking and hypertension prevalence survey to find out the prevalence of hypertension and tobacco exposure correlation between disease and hypertension. Estimate the economic burden of hypertension, analysis of attribute to both smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) with economic burden of hypertension, providing a theoretical basis for tobacco control and prevention of hypertension.Methods Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method was used to select representative samples from Luo Ping County. Meanwhile, we also have physical examinations on them. Using self-designed questionnaires to collect general information of interviewer, the costs caused by the hypertension, the information of health-related behavior. Through the medical examinations to measure their height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. The direct economic burden of hypertension was calculated simultaneously. Using chi-square (χ2) test to compare gender differences of hypertension prevalence, smoking and passive smoking; using t test or ANOVA to compare the difference of the hypertension direct economic burden among smoking, passive smoking, non-tobacco smoke exposue and sex; using the multi-factor Logistic regression model to analyze the influence factors of hypertension.Results We collected4611valid questionnaires, with a response rate was92.2%. In Luoping country of Yunnan province, the prevalence of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) were40.0%,27.8%. Male and female smoking rate, passive smoking rate were79.2%、1.2%、8.8%、46.6%.Male smoking rate was higher than female’s (P<0.01).Passive smoking rate of female’s was higher than the male’s (P<0.01).The average age of smoking initiation was19.2±3.7.Smoking rate of the different age were differences (P<0.01). Tobacco growing and high-income families have higher smoking rate (P<0.01). Smoking and passive smoking, mostly secondary and below education groups, passive smoking was negatively correlated with education level (P<0.05). The proportion of quit smoking was13.5%in the past12months. The main place of passive smoking is home and public places, SHS rate were88.5%,97.0%, respectively.The prevalence of hypertension was15.2%, the prevalence of male and female were15.2%,15.1%. Hypertension was positively correlated with age (P<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension of different education levels were differences (P<0.01). Secondary and below education groups has higher prevalence of hypertension than other groups (16.0%). The prevalence of smoking,SHS,and non-tobacco smoke exposue were16.6%,16.3%,12.4%, respectively.Prevalence of smokers higher than non-tobacco smoke exposue (P<0.01) and a similar situation occurs passive smokers(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression results of smoking and passive smoking as a risk factor for hypertension, OR values were1.52and1.41. Prevalence of Smoking Attributable Risk (PAR) was17.2%, Prevalence of passive Smoking Attributable Risk (PAR) was10.2%.Different gender smoking and passive smoking of PAR vales were45.8%,7.9%,2.4%,15.0%,respectively.Hypertensive patients to pay for medical expenses are mainly of own expense and medical insurance,11.2%of people think that there is some difficulty to pay. The total economic burden of hypertension was299.32million Yuan. Among of direct cost of hypertension was253.28million Yuan and indirect cost of hypertension was46.04million Yuan. The per capita direct cost of male was higher than female (P<0.01). Hospitalization expenses for81.8%of total costs.The cost of male was higher than female (P<0.05). Hypertensive patients, the per capita direct economic burden of different tobacco smoke exposue were differences (P<0.01). The per capita direct economic burden of smokers was6500.43Yuan.It was higher than the passive smokers and non-tobacco smoke exposue. Moreover, the per capita direct cost over the average annual income of local people4560.89Yuan. Due to the economic burden of smoking and SHS were51.48million Yuan and30.53million Yuan. Male attributed to the economic burden of smoking was109.26million Yuan and much higher than the due to the economic burden of SHS was18.85million Yuan. Moreover, female attributed to the economic burden of SHS was over than the due to the economic burden of smoking (16.12million Yuan VS2.58million Yuan).Conclusion Hypertension has become the main diseases for influencing Luoping country rural residents’health. Smoking and passive smoking are important risk factor for hypertension disease. Local high smoking rates and passive tobacco exposure has become an important incentive for the local prevalence of hypertension increased. Smoking and passive smoking on local economic burden caused by hypertensive patients had a significant impact. Villagers to take effective measures to reduce the rate of smoking and passive smoking, help to reduce the economic burden of hypertension. |
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