Studying The Influence Of Factors On The Interactions Between Nanoparticles And Pericellular Matrix

With the development of nanotechnology and the controlled synthesis andmodification of nanoparticles, nanomaterials have accepted much more attention fromresearchers and been widely applied to the biomedicine and biotechnology. Theprimary problem needed to be considered before the application of nanomaterials tobiological environment is the interaction of nanoparticles with cells. Thus, theinteraction of nanoparticles with cells is particularly important to be studied.Pericellular matrix is a layer of gel-like transparent material presenting the outside ofcell membrane of eukaryotic cells. It not only plays a key role in the cell proliferationand differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, but also has been found that it canentrap and accumulate nanoparticels, restrict and slow down their diffusion, andenhance their cellular uptake efficiency.Therefore, pericellular matrix is a veryimportant factor which should be considered in the study of the interaction betweennanoparticles and cells.Many factors, such as the nanoparticle’s size and shape, the hydrophilic andhydrophobic properties, the surface chemistry, may have impact on the interaction ofnanoparticles with cells. These factors may influence the way and mechanism inwhich the nanoparticles interact with cells, resulting in different results. Therefore, itis necessary to explore the influence of these factors on the interaction ofnanoparticles with pericellular matrix.In this paper, we choose gold nanoparticles and polystyrene nanoparticles asprobes to study the influence of a series of factors on the interaction of nanoparticleswith pericellular matrix.1. We choose osteosarcoma MG-63cells with a thick matrix as the cell modelwith thick pericellular matrix and MG-63cells treated with hyaluronidase as the cellmodel with thin pericellular matrix. The interaction of different sizes of goldnanoparticles and polystyrene nanoparticles with cells with various matrix thicknesseswas studied. It is found that pericellular matrix can enhance the retention ofnanoparticles larger than50nm, but have no striking effect on that of smallnanoparticles with the size about20nm. Moreover, the size effect is independent onthe material of nanoparticles.2. Breast cancer HeLa cells with thin pericellular matrix were selected as cellmodel. HeLa cells treaed with ascorbic acid were regarded as the cells with relatively thick matrix. HeLa cells treated with hyaluronidase were seen as the cells with thinmatrix. We investigated the interaction of70-120nm gold nanoparticles with cellswith different matrix thicknesses. It is found that pericellular matrix can also capturelarge nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Thus, the function of retention of largenanoparticles by pericellular matrix is universal.3. We studied the interaction between nanoparticles with different surface chargeand pericellular matrix. And it is found that pericellular matrix can enhance theretention of nanoparticles with different surface charge. We also investigated theinteraction of nanoparticles with the cells treated with different inhibitors. Theretention of nanoparticles by pericellular matrix was significantly reduced after thecells were treated with inhibitors, indicating that the retention of NPs by PCM is not aseparate biological process but a part of receptor-mediated endocytosis.