| The present study investigated the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA)on lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver injury in rats. Firstly, the purpose of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of CGA supplementation on serum and hepaticendogenous metabolites in rats with normal physiological condition. Secondly,chronicly liver injury model of rats were established by day by day administration oflow-doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The growth performance, liver weight, andliver index of each rat were recorded. Serum biochemical indexs were assayed.Hepatic pathological changes were observed by H&E staining method. The activity ofsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) andadenosine triphosphate (ATP) in liver were determined. The1H NMR-basedmetabolomics method was conducted to demonstrate metabolic effects of chlorogenicacid on chronic liver injury induced by LPS in rats.Our results showed that:(1) Supplementation of CGA to a normal diet affectsthe serum and hepatic endogenous metabolites in rats with normal physiologicalcondition. Compared with the control group, CGA supplementation increased serumlevels of lipoproteins, glycine and unsaturated lipids in CGA group (P<0.05), anddecreased serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetoacetate, pyruvate,succinate and citrate in CGA group (P<0.05). The level of glutathione in liver wassignificantly increased in CGA group as compared with the control group (P<0.05);(2) The finish body weight, average daily gain and food efficiency ratio (FER), liverweight and liver index, the activities of serum ALT and AST, and serum level of GLUand TG, and liver level of MDA in CGA+LPS group were significantly decreased(P<0.05), compared with the LPS group. The serum level of TP and the activities ofliver ALT, AST, and SOD in CGA+LPS group were significantly increased (P<0.05),compared with the LPS group. H&E staining indicated that the hepatic pathologicalinjury in CGA+LPS group was attenuated. CGA supplementation significantlyincreased the content of ATP in liver compared to LPS group (P<0.05);(3)Metabolomic analysis of the hepatoprotective effects of chlorogenic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver injury in rats. CGA supplementation couldpartially counteract the changes induced by LPS in metabolic pathways, such asenergy pathways, amino acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Thehepatoprotective effects of CGA may be due to the regulation of energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism.In summary, CGA has a protective effect on chronic liver injury induced bylipopolysaccharide. Glycine and glutathione may be the potential biomarkers ofbiological properties of CGA in vivo. CGA supplementation significantly improvedLPS-induced lipid metabolism disorders, liver function damage, liver oxidativedamage, hepatic mitochondrial injury and metabolic disorder of energy due to theregulation of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism. |
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