The Associations Of Dietary Methionine Choline Intake And Children’s Blood-lead Level And ADHD

Objective:To explore the associations of dietary methionine choline intake and children’s blood-lead level and ADHD.Methods:A 1:1 case-control study,based on 296 ADHD children and 296 normal controls matched for the same sex and age differs by less than 2 years, was conducted. The ADHD was diagnosed according to results of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the fourth edition-text revision (DSM-IV) published by American Psychiatric Association, sustained attention test and CONNERS parent questionnaire conducted by a certain children’s hospital in JiangXi province. Parents of the target children were demanded to fill our questionnaire, including family status, children’s conditions and food consumption frequency. Then, we transform food consumption frequency into food consumption quantity, and adopted nutrient calculator version 2.3 to calculate nutriments intake. And the intake of essential amino acid and choline was counted base on China Food Composition Table 2004 and 2002 editions and Zeisel’s study. Meanwhile, the target children were requested to determine blood trace element and lead contents, and blood test. At last, SPSS 13.0 was employed to analyse the fundamental states, intake of nutrients, blood biochemistry and blood elements in two groups.Results:1.The chi-square test results showed that there was no difference in the case and control groups at some respects, such as family types, per capita monthly income, per capita living space, parent’s occupation. This indicated that the two groups were well balanced.2.The results of paired/test showed that, first, the intake of choline, protein, dietary fiber, cholesterin, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Se, Cu in case group were significantely lowwer than in control group, (P<0.05), but only intake of methionine in the eight essential amino acids significantely lowwer than in control group, P<0.01; Second, the intake of vegetables, white meat, fishes in case group were significantely lowwer than in control group, (P<0.05).Third, blood-lead level in case group (72.409ug/L) was significantely higher than control group(52.94ug/L), while blood-zinc content in case group was significantely lowwer than control group, P<0.01.3.The results of conditional single variables logistic regression analysis indicated that parents appeared ADHD, other families appeared ADHD, way of raising and high level of blood-lead were possible risk factors for ADHD.And intake of vegetables, white meat, fishes, methionine, dietary fiber, nuclear retinoic acid, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn and blood-zinc were possible protective factors.4.The results of conditional multiple variables logistic regression analysis indicated that parents appeared ADHD, other families appeared ADHD, and high level of blood-lead were risk factors for ADHD. And the protective factors for ADHD were parents raise, intake of methionine and Mg, intake of vegetables and fishes.5.The result of chi square test showed that the case group had a higher percentage of blood-lead over 50μg/L or 100μg/L.6.The results of correlarion analysis showed that, blood-lead level was positive correlated with ADHD, attention, study problem, impulsivity and hyperactivity, hyperactivity index; intake of methionine was necatively correlated with blood-lead level,ADHD, attention and study problem, while positive correlated with choline. After blood-lead being controlled,intake of methionine was necatively correlated with study problem only.Conclusion:Dietary intake of methionine and choline help to decrease blood-lead concentration, reduce the incidence of ADHD.