| Ideotype can improve efficiency of field management. In order to find out the ideal characteristic of potato plant, the plant type and canopy structure of 26 potato lines were analyzed. The main results as follows:The yield and yield factors were used to perform the clustering analysis. Potato lines were divided into five categories in accordance with the yield: Super high-yield type(800-920g);High yield type(650-710g); Medium yield type(490-562g); Low yield type(370-460g) and Lower yield type(252-330g). Three potato lines 0730-180, Z-155 and 3-9 belong to super high-yield type. Five potato lines 3-2, 2-5, 728, 121 and 18 belong to high yield type. Three potato lines L0206-6, 5-6 and 5’-6, 174 belong to medium yield type. The medium yield type(490-920g) were used to assay the plant characters. The yield, the average tuber weight and the tuber numbers of per plant in super high-yield were 864.63 g, 112.97 g and 7.67,respectively. The yield, the average tuber weight and tuber numbers of per plant in high yield were 682.98 g, 124.6g, 7.13, respectively. The yield, the average tuber weight and tuber numbers of per plant in medium yield were 517.15 g, 63.56 g, 8.71, respectively. The average tuber weight was the most important factor attribute to the yield in super high-yield type and high yield types. The average tuber weight and appropriate tuber numbers were the seconds factors for the super high-yield type and high yield type to improvement yield.The characteristics of the stem structure in the super high-yield types as follow: The average stem height were 52.84 ± 3.78 cm. The average apparent erectness of this type were0.80 ± 0.11. The stem length of the fourth to the eighth internodes were 4.36 cm, 4.09 cm,4.77 cm, 4.85 cm and 4.41 cm, respectively. The stem diameter of the fourth to eighth internodes were 12.10 mm, 11.33 mm, 10.86 mm, 10.21 mm and 9.44 mm, respectively. The plant height of super high-yield type is shorter than the high yield and medium yield types.The plant height of super high-yield type was 84.99% and 80.51% of the plant height of medium yield lines, respectively. The present indicated that super high-yield types possess both good orthostatic and dwarfing trait which maintain a good photosynthetic performance.The results showed that the yield of per plant was negatively correlated with the internodes length, but positively correlated with the internodes diameter.Potato lateral branches are pinnate. There are two distribution modes in pinnate connect to main stems. The distribution mode was 30° rotation ascensional range per pinnate,another distribution mode was 60° rotation ascensional range per pinnate. There are 8 lines,which are 30° rotation ascensional range per pinnate, super high-yield and high yield lines mainly configuration in this way on main stems.of 30° rotation ascensional range per pinnate of the lines were significantly lower than 60° rotation ascensional range per pinnate of the lines.Two phenotype pinnate were found including evacuation leaves and closely leaves. The super high-yield line 3-9 and high yield line 2-5 were closely leaves. The loose phenotype pinnate lines were 83.33% of the total lines.There are three type of angle between leaf and stalk in all lines, which including up rushtype, flat-type and hanging-type. The third basal angle between leaf and stalk of the super high-yield were 62.33°-89°. The third basal angle between leaf and stalk of the high yield were 81.33°-90.33°. The third basal angle between leaf and stalk of the medium yield were56.67°-108.33°. The fifth basal angle between leaf and stalk of three yield types were 50°-80°.The top angle between leaf and stalk is less than the basal angle between leaf and stalk, the seventh basal angle between leaf and stalk range of three yield types were 30°-70°. It can be seen that the basal angle between leaf and stalk is more greater and the yield of per plant is more lower.With the advance of growth period, the potato canopy coverage index and leaf area index are increasing from seedling stage to tuber starch accumulation stage and reached the highest value. After tuber mature stage, the potato canopy coverage index and leaf area index showed a descending trend. The correlative analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the leaf area index and the tuber yield of per plant.Grey correlation degree analysis showed: the correlation degree of the leaf area index of tuber growth period, main stem numbers, the canopy coverage of starch accumulate period,tuber numbers of per plant with yield was higher; The angle between leaf and stalk,internodes diameter, the length of main stem leaf, those trains are contributed a lot to the tuber yield of per plant. |
