| Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. was Araliaceae perennial herb, and a kind relict plant. In China, ginseng has planted for hundreds of years, but the restriction of cropping obstacles still affect its growth, and so many factors were discovered that caused ginseng cropping obstacles which was not a single element to decide. Therefore, in this paper, the interaction of ginseng root exudates and ginseng pathogens was studied, and the different chemical constituents of ginseng root exudates and their effects on pathogens chemotactic activity was also analyzed, it can provide a theoretical basis from new perspective and new ideas for overcoming ginseng cropping obstacles and cultivating ginseng reasonably.Study results were as follows:1) In 3 years old farmland ginseng root rhizosphere soil, 4 kinds of monomer ginsenosides, 5 kinds of amino acids, 7 kinds of soluble sugar and 3 kinds of monomer ginsenosides, 4 kinds of amino acids, 7 kinds of soluble sugar were detected respectively from aqueous phase and butanol phase of ginseng root exudates. Among them, in aqueous phase, the monomer ginsenosides were Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd; the amino acids were Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu and Gly; In butanol phase, the monomer ginsenosides were Rf, Rb3 and Rd; the amino acids were Ser, Val, Ile and Leu. The seven kinds of soluble sugar were Man, Rha, Glc, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc in both of the two phases of ginseng root exudates.GC-MS technology was used to detect 20, 12 and 16 kinds of substances, respectively, from petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate phase ginseng root exudates. Among them, 6 kinds of alkanes, 5 kinds of sterols, 3 kinds of organic acid esters, 3 kinds of olefins and olefin derivatives, 2 kinds of phenolic acids and 1 kind of fatty alcohols were in petroleum ether; 6 kinds of hydrocarbons, 2 kinds of sterols, 1 kind of alkaloids, 1 kind of fatty acids, 1 kind of fatty alcohols and 1 kind of pyran composed chloroform; 8 kinds of sterols, 5 kinds of fatty acids, 2 kinds of hydrocarbons and 1 kind of organic acids esters composed ethyl acetate phase.2) In the soilless matrix which was cultivated 3 years old ginseng, it respectively detected that 4 kinds of amino acids, 7 kinds of soluble sugar and 4 kinds of monomer ginsenosides, 4 kinds of amino acids, 7 kinds of soluble sugar from aqueous phase and butanol phase of ginseng root exudates. Among them, in aqueous phase, the amino acids were Glu, Ser, Gly and Asp; In butanol phase, the monomer ginsenosides were Re, Rb1, Rb3 and Rd; the amino acids were Thr, Ser, Gly and Val. The seven kinds of soluble sugar were Man, Rha, Glc, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc in both of the two phases of ginseng root exudates.GC-MS technology was used to detect 11, 13 and 10 kinds of substances, respectively, from petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate phase ginseng root exudates. Among them, 7 kinds of alkanes and alkane derivatives, 2 kinds of olefins, 1 kind of organic acid esters and 1 kind of organic acids were in petroleum ether; 8 kinds of alkanes and alkane derivatives, 2 kinds of organic acid esters, 1 kind of organic acids, 1 kind of furans and 1 kind of olefin were in chloroform; 5 kinds of alkanes and alkane derivatives, 3 kinds of organic acid esters and 2 kinds of phenolic acids were in ethyl acetate phase.3) In the aqueous phase and butanol phase of ginseng root exudates of one year old ginseng, 8 kinds of amino acids, 6 kinds of soluble sugar and 12 kinds of amino acids, 7 kinds of soluble sugar were detected, respectively. Among them, in aqueous phase, the amino acids were Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val and Lys, the soluble sugars were Man, Rha, Glc, Gal, Xyl, Ara; In butanol phase, the amino acids were Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe and Lys, the soluble sugars were Man, Rha, Glc, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc. However, the monomer ginsenoside was not detected in aqueous phase and butanol phase of ginseng root exudates.GC-MS technology was used to respectively detect 16 kinds of substances in petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate phase of ginseng root exudates. Among them, 9 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of organic acid esters and 1 kinds of phenolic acids were in petroleum ether; 6 kinds of organic acid esters, 4 kinds of alkanes, 2 kinds of organic acids, 1 kinds of phenolic acids, 1 kinds of furans and 1 kind of steroid were in chloroform; 8 kinds of alkanes, 4 kinds of organic acid esters, 1 kind of sterol and 3 kinds of phenolic acids were in ethyl acetate phase.4) The Fusarium solani had strong chemotactic response at the low concentration of total ginsenosides, and the data of chemotactic migration index(CMI) were 1.2948, spore germination rate(SGR) was 66%, chemotactic growth rate(CGR) was 0.533, and Mycelial Growth(MG) was 0.5220 mg·mL-1, however, the Cylindrocarpon destructans had strong chemotactic response at the middle concentration of total ginsenosides, and the datas of chemotactic migration index(CMI) was 1.2556, spore germination rate(SGR) was 63%, chemotactic growth rate(CGR) was 0.465, and Mycelial Growth(MG) was 0.4494 mg·mL-1. It indicated that the low and middle concentration(0.2-20 mg·L-1) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotaxis response of Fusarium solani, and the chemotaxis response of Cylindrocarpon destructans happened at four concentrations of ginsenosides.5) The Botrytis cinerea had strong chemotactic response at the mid-concentration of total ginsenosides(cultivation temperature was 20℃ and pH value was 6), and the data of CMI was 1.2930, CGR was 0.4760, SGR was 53 %, and MG was 0.4526 mg·mL-1; however, Alternaria panax had strong chemotactic response at the low-concentration of total ginsenosides(cultivation temperature was 25℃ and pH value was 6), and the data of CMI was 1.2354, CGR was 0.5370, SGR was 67%, and MG was 0.4948 mg·mL-1. The results indicated that the low and middle concentration(2, 20 mg·L-1) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotactic response of these two pathogens.6) The Rhizoctonia solani exhibited strong positive chemotaxis on the total ginsenosides of 2 mg·L-1(cultivation temperature was 25℃ and pH value was 6), and the data of CMI was 0.1528, CGR was 0.4224, SGR was 58 %, and MG was 0.3267 mg·mL-1; the Sclerotinia schinseng exhibited strong positive chemotaxis on the total ginsenosides of 2 mg·L-1(cultivation temperature was 15℃ and pH value was 7), and the data of CMI was 0.1314, CGR was 0.4518, SGR was 66 %, and MG was 0.3133 mg·mL-1. The results indicated that the low concentration(2 mg·L-1) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotactic response of these two pathogens. |
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