| As a key adjustmental factor, photosynthetic capacity not only affects the dynamic carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems, but also determines the adaptable abilities of plants to environment. The photosynthetic capacity generally influenced by both the leaf self-structure feature and the external environment. Especially, the stomata as a gateway between plants and ambient atmosophere controlled the CO2 fixation. As the dominant tree species in northern temperate regions and alpine boreal forests in China, spruces（Picea） play an important role in forest carbon sink, and threre are significant differentiation of stomatal phenotypical characters among them. Then, Picea is the good materials to study the relationships between photosynthetic characteristics, adaxial/abaxial stomatal phenotypic differentiation and their distributing environmental factors. Therefore, in this thesis nine species of Picea which distributing in different latitudinal regions were selected, and morpho-physiological property, including photosynthetic characteristics, adaxial/abaxial stomatal phenotypic differentiation, were measured in the common garden, in order to exploring the relationships between photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal phenotypic differentiation and their local environmental conditions, further looking for the correlation of photosynthetic characteristics and stomatal phenotypic differentiation. The results showed that:（1） There were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics among nine Picea species. Such as, the maximal net photosynthetic rate per unit mass（Amax mass）, which was lowest in Picea crassifolia（P. crassifolia）(30.82nmolg-1s-1) and highest in P. spinulosa(55.48 nmolg-1s-1). However, the maximal net photosynthetic rate per unit area（Amax area） was the lowest in P. spinulosa(5.80nmolm-2s-1) and the highest in P. asperata(10.21nmolm-2s-1). Meanwhile, P. spinulosa(47.76 nmolm-2s-1) showed the lowest stomatal conductance（Cond）, which was 2.7 times lower than the highest one, P. meyeri(127.30 nmolm-2s-1). The Amax mass was positively correlated with both the min temperature of coldest month（MTCM） and precipitation of warmest quarter（PWQ） but negatively with the leaf mass per unit area（LMA）. Yet there was no significant correlation between the Amax mass and stable carbon isotope composition（δ13C）.（2）There were significant differences of adaxial and abaxial stomatal phenotype among nine Picea species. On adaxial surface, P. spinulosa presented the smallest stomata and it’s liner stomatal density（ad LSD）(108.57 no.mm-1) was the highest which was 2.9 times higher than that of P. wilsonii(43.62 no.mm-1). Number of stomatal rows on abaxial surface（ab LSD） was least in P. wilsonii（average 2.91） and was most in P. likiangensis. var.likiangensis（average 5.1）. As well as on abaxial surface, liner stomatal density（LSD） was highest in P. koraiensis while P. wilsonii was less(30.08 no.mm-1) with larger stomata. Specifically, there were no stomata in P. spinulosa and P. l. var.linzhiensis. LSD was negatively correlated with stomatal size on both sides. The liner stomatal density on abaxial surface was negatively correlated with MTCM but it was positively correlated with with PWQ on adaxial surface, meanwhile stomatal size on adaxial surface was positively correlated with PWQ.（3） Amax area was mainly influenced by the change of the stomatal conductance（Cond） via the stomatal deepth on adaxial surface（ab L） and Amax mass decreased with increasement of stomatal stomatal density on abaxial surface（ab SSD）. These results will improve our understanding on the environmental adaptation of photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal phenotypic differentiation in Picea, Moreover, it will provides the scientific basis for the spruce germplasm evaluation and screening with high quality and resistance. |
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