The Research Of Transferring Purple Trait Of Cabbage To Chinese Cabbage

Color is one of the important characteristics of vegetable crops, which is also the main factor that appeal to consumers. Containing a lot of anthocyanins, purple Chinese cabbage with the color of leaves bright, has many healthy functions. Thus creating a new germplasm of purple Chinese cabbage has become an important part of Chinese cabbage（B. rapa） breeding. In this study, Chinese cabbage was crossed with purple cabbage（B. oleracea） to develop haploid AC and triploid AAC, which was backcrossed with Chinese cabbage. The aim of this research to transfer purple from B. oleracea into B. rapa. The main results are as follows:1. Chinese cabbage as female crossed with purple cabbage, producing 5 hybrid plants by embryo rescue. However, in the reciprocal cross, none embryo rescued plant was obtained.2. By observing pollen sterility and morphology, and analysing with cytology and molecular markers, one set of haploid（AC） and tetraploid treated with colchicine was identified.3. The seed-set of S₁ ranged from 7.5 to 8.6 seeds per pod in self-pollination and 8.8 to 10.1 seeds per pod in open-pollination. The seed-set of BC₁^AACC and BC₁^AC averaged 3.7 and 0.2 seeds per pod in self-pollination, and 5.5 and 2.2 seeds per pod in open-pollination, respectively. ANOVA showed significant difference（p<0.01） between BC₁^AACC and BC₁^AC in self-pollination and open-pollination. In the BC₁^AACC derived from tetraploid and Chinese cabbage, the pod setting rate is 31.3% with the crossability ranging from 3.0-3.4 seeds per pod. Meanwhile, in BC₁^AC derived from haploid and Chinese cabbage, the pod setting rate is 12.8%, with the crossability ranging from 0.7 to 1.9 seeds per pod. ANOVA showed significant difference（p<0.01） between BC₁^AACC and BC₁^AC.4. The heading trait of S₁ was separated and the head of two individuals was obvious, one closing to Chinese cabbage and another closing to purple cabbage. The vein and petiole of leaves of S₁ was purple.Besides, because of the heading characteristic of S₁, it has the potential to be used as a vegetable. The head of BC₁^AACC was close to Chinese cabbage, but the BC₁^AC can’t heading.In the vegetative period, purple color of BC₁^AACC and BC₁^AC disappeared, while the purple trait appeared in the vein and petiole of leaves during reproductive stage.5. The anthocyanins content of S₁ and haploid AC between Chinese cabbage and purple cabbage, and are much higher than Chinese cabbage. However, the anthocyanins content of BC₁^AACC and BC₁^AC was close to Chinese cabbage with no significant differience.