| Northeast China, as the important maize product base in China, provides vital support for china’s food safety. Recently, the proportion of new types of nitrogen fertilizer application increased, which played an important contribution to grain increasing. However, with the excessive fertilizer rate and single fertilization, environment effect brought from agriculture activities was paid attention. In single fertilization mode of spring maize in Northeast China, the study of nitrogen loss of new types of nitrogen on different types of soil and environment effect was absent. Therefore, combining field experiment, environment model and indoor cultivate were conducted to study the effect of new type of nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield, nutrient uptake, nitrogen balance and environment effect, to look for nutrient release regular, and to provide theory support for suitable application of new type of nitrogen fertilizer and less environment risk on different soils in Northeast China. The main results were following:1. The grain yield with nitrogen application treatments was significantly higher than that with CK treatment on three kinds of soils by field experiment. In Albic Soil, there were no significant differences on yield among nitrogen application treatments, from 7756 kg/ha to 8266 kg/ha; in Black Soil and Chernozem Soil, averaged yields of synchronization nutrient fertilizer and urea formaldehyde fertilizer were 9244 kg/ha and 9337 kg/ha, increased 8.9 % and 10.0 % of yield, respectively, compared with CK treatment. For nitrogen use efficiency, split fertilization reached as high as 33.3 %, urea formaldehyde fertilizer was 18.3 % in albic soil. Synchronization nutrient fertilizer and urea formaldehyde fertilizer could improve nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency reached 7.1-10.6 %, compared with CK treatment.2. According to the nitrogen balance analysis of different treatments in soil-crop system on 0-90 cm soil layer, nitrogen loss rate was Black soil> albic soil> chernozem, nitrogen apparent residue in chernozem soil was significant higher than that in black soil and in albic soil. In three kinds of soils, the nitrogen apparent loss of synchronous nutrition fertilizer, urea formaldehyde nad split fertilization were lower, which reduced 14% compared with single fertilization.3. For environment effect, ammonia volatilization loss was about 45.1 kg/ha, accounting for about 24.8 % of the nitrogen application rate by model calculation. N2 O emission, N leaching and N runoff loss has the similar change trend, N2 O loss was from 4.0 ~10.0 kg/ha, which was 2.2~5.9 % of nitrogen rate; N leaching loss was from 34.5 ~ 92.0 kg/ha, which was 19.0~50.6 % of nitrogen rate in three kinds of soils. In Albic soil, nitrogen loss of urea formaldehyde fertilizer fertilizer was the highest, that of split fertilization was the lowest; nitrogen loss of synchronous nutrition fertilizer in three kinds of soils was the lower compared with CK treatment.4. The results of cultivate experiment showed that, CO2 emission was significantly negative correlation with pH in the same soil moisture and temperature condition, that is albic soil > black soil >chernozem. In three kinds of soils, CO2 emission accumulation increased by adding straw, improved 27.5 %、27.4 % and 28 %, respectively. Compared with large granule urea, sulfur coating fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer can effectively delay the CO2 release time; urea formaldehyde fertilizer can inhibit CO2 release rate and accumulation. Ammonia volatilization of nitrogen fertilizer increased with pH, that was chernozem>black soil > albic soil. Compared with large granule urea in three kinds of soils, sulfur coating fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer, urea formaldehyde and stability fertilizer could delay ammonia volatilization 1-5 day, decreased 10.2 ~49.3 % of ammonia accumulation, and the higher the pH value, the greater the reduction. By adding straw, ammonia volatilization peak can delay 1-2 day, ammonia accumulation can decrease 1.9 ~ 25.2 mg/kg. |
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