| Castanea henryi is an important woody grain in the south of China. In the past, Most of them were wild. However, with the development and utilization of them, It is necessary to understand the characteristics of growth and fruit development in order to achieve high quality and yield. Using’Hua li 1’,’Hua li 2’ and’Hua li 3’ as test material, shoots characteristics, dynamic growth of new result shoot, change of mineral nutrition in leaves, fruit development characteristics were studied and the law of growth and fruit development were analysised by the method of field experiment, observation of pollination anatomy, physical and chemical analysis, providing theoretical basis for high yield cultivation of Castanea henryi. The main results are as follows:1. The growth characteristics of shoots. The height and stem diameter of the tree from 3 year to 8 year grow more quickly at early stage. During full bearing period, The first two fully mixed flower bud rates are 90.21%--97.11% while the third one is only 15.0%-20.0%. The length of fruit shoots is 37.3-42.3 cm, and the diameter of fruit shoot is 7.5-8.2mm. When the length is less than 30 cm, the number of fruits of each shoot is 1.1-2.0, with the length of 30-45cm, the number of fruits of each shoot is 2.1-4.1, the number of results of each shoot is 3.0-5.7 when the length is longer than 45 cm; when The diameter of fruit shoot is less than 4.00 mm, the number of results of each shoot is 1.4-1.9, when the diameter is between 4.00mm-6.00mm, the number of results of each shoot is 1.9-3.1, the number of 2.7-4.3 per fruit branch when the diameter is more than 8.00 mm. The new shoots grow more quickly at early stage; thickening growth of new shoots have two growth peaks, respectively, on April 27 and May 28. When new shoots stop growing, its length and coarseness respectively is 23.12-36.72 cm and 6.77-7.13 mm. The branch tip length is 4.76-5.35 cm.2. Changes in quality and nutrition situation of leaves. The leaves grow last for about 40 days, the change of fresh weight and dry weight showed "double S" growth, water content decreases gradually, the change of leaf length, width and leaf area were "S". N, P, K content of Leaf in different phenology show a downward trend, from March 27 to May 15, the content N, P, K respectively decrease by 14.29%-36.19%, 16.67%-33.33% and 25.00%-62.24%, from August 4 to September 20, the content N, P, K respectively decrease by 19.16%-34.84%d,33.33%-37.50 and 37.88%-63.75%; Ca2+showe a rising trend; Mn and Zn content increase, in September 20th, the content of Mn and Zn was respectively 0.98-1.63 mg-g-1 and 90.590.5-120.2 μg-g-1; Mg shows a downward, in March 27th, the content is 5.5-5.9 mg-g-1; Cu invertes "V" type change.3. Fruit growth and development. Period of fruit growth is about 135 days, involucre’s fresh weight of crossing pollination (Cp), natural pollination (Nap), self pollination (Sp) and no pollination (Nop) all show double "s" growth. Ovary’s fresh weight of Cp and nap also show double "s" growth, but ovary’s fresh weight of Sp and Nop all show "s" growth, when the fruit is ripe, involucre’s fresh weight of Cp,Nap, SP and Nop is respectively 22.09 g 20.88 g 5.92 g 5.78 g, and ovary’s fresh weigh is respectively to 989 g,9.26 g,0.3 g and 0.29 g. The fruit of Cp and Nap experiences two drop, the time of fruit drop were in 45 days to 60 days after flowers and 90 days to 105 days after flowers, while the others have experienced three times, the time appear in 15 days after flowers,45 days to 60 days after flowers and 90 days to 105 days after flowers, seed setting rate of Cp, Nap, SP and Nop is respectively 63.2%,42.6%,15.4% and 12.1%, and empty shell rate is respectively 40.4%,63.4%,94.6% and 100%.During embryonic development normal fruit, globular embryo forms in the 70 days after flowering, the late torpedo-embryo forms in the 80 days after, as follows, cotyledon embryo shapes in 85 days after flowers, mature embryo comes into being in the 90 days after flowers. And a large number of deformation and browning of embryo sac cavity can be observed by selfing and without pollination of 60 days after flowers.4. The components changes during fruit growth of Castanea henryi. With four kinds of pollination ways content of reducing sugar decreases in the 30 days to 135 days after flowering, which respectively decreases by 72.09%,68.89%,75.61% and 77.61%. Content of ovary’s soluble sugar of Nap and Cp show a gradual upward trend, rises by 424.07% and 477.07% respectively, content of ovary’s soluble sugar of Sp and Nop increases at early time and then decreases in the end, and the highest content was 5.06% and 5.04% respectively. Content of ovary’s starch of Nap and Cp also shows a gradual upward trend, increased by 215.27% and 250% respectively, while the other increase at early time and then decrease in the end, and the highest content was 24.2% and 24.1% respectively. Content of N and P in four pollination methods shows a decline in volatility, ovary’N content of Nap, Cp, Sp and Nop respectively reduces by 2.67% and 2.81%,0.92 and 0.83% at 135 days after flowers, at the same time, content of ovary’s P of Nap, Cp, Sp and Nop respectively reduces by 0.18% and 0.17%,0.15% and 0.13%. The K content of Nap, Cp, Sp and Nop in ovary were highest in 60 days after flowers, which is 0.71%,0.75%,0.57% and 0.45%, respectively. Content of Ca decreases gradually, and at the 135 days after flowers decreases by 63.70%,83.05, 65.44% and 91.80%, respectively. Content of Mg and Cu decline as whole, content of Zn at 60 days after flowers is lowest, which is respectively 20.2μg·g-1,16.2μg·g-1, 13.1μg·g-1 and 14.0μg·g-1. |
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