Effects Of Remove Soil Crust And Subsoiling On Maize Growth In Red Soil

Maize is an important food crop in China, and it is the biggest grain crop in Yunnan province. In recent years, the growing area is still expanding. Maize growth process and the growth of the soil is closely related to, and cultivated land in Yunnan to viscosity, shallow topsoil, poor soil structure in red soil.Red soil has a high viscosity, surface soil crust can be formed easily during rainfall, damages the ability of roots to take water and nutrients therefore impairing crop growth and functions. In order to discuss the effects of removing the soil crust and subsoiling on maize growth in red soil, an experiment was done to simulate the maize growth in the greenhouse, Three different treatments of soil environment for maize growth were installed, D1(soil crust group), D2 (remove the soil crust group), and D3 (subsoiling group). Maize cultivation was carried out, and the growth data were measured. By removing the soil crust and subsoiling to change the environment of maize grown in soil environment,studying the effects of subsoiling and removal of soil crust on compaction of soil and maize growth. Study on soil compaction parameters, the growth stage of maize plants and roots.The results of the experiment showed that:Subsoiling the soil bulk density were significantly lower in the treatment group, the average density of deep loosening than subsoiling reduced fand 0.1 g/cm3. Temperature te st showed 0-24 cm soil layer, soil temperature decreases with the increase of soil depth, s oil deep loosening group average temperature is higher than the non deep loosening grou p at 0.2℃ in 6cm soil layer, the average temperature of the crust crust removalgroup w as higher than that of group 0.3℃. The difference between soil crust group and remo ve the soil crust group on soil water content was not obvious, and the water content of D3 group was 12% higher than that of soil crust group.Subsoiling of maize root number, root average total length than those of not subsoiling group,and the root is down and to the side development tendency. The maize root lengths of seedling stage were significantly different at 0.05 level in 14 to 35 days than soil crust group and remove the soil crust group, then the difference of root lengths became smaller after 35 days. The effect of soil crust on total root and dry weight was not obvious; The total dry weight ratio of the deep loosening group was the largest in the 1-20 cm depth range. In addition, subsoiling group and remove the soil crust group were increased by 4.2% and 1.4% respectively compared with soil crust group, and the rate of emergence of maize could be improved by deep loosening and removal of crust. The length of primary root and the number of secondary roots of subsoiling group were higher than those of soil crust group, and the difference was not significant between soil crust group and remove the soil crust group. In subsoiling group, After subsoiling the plant diameter and height were all higher than the other two groups 5.4% and 7%. The experiment showed significant difference in leaf area of maize seedling at 0.05 level between subsoiling group and the other two groups. It was showed that the indexes of root and leaf fresh weight, total fresh weight, root and leaf dry weight were all significant different at 0.05 level in subsoiling group than the other two groups, but the effects of remove the soil crust on maize growth at seedling stage were not obvious.The later stages of subsoiling group dry matter was higher than that of soil crust group, subsoiling group Elongation stage, Heading stage and mature stage than the soil crust group average ahead of 2～3 d, Plant height were increased by 4 cm,13cm and 11cm, The number of leaves were more 0.5 pieces,0.5 pieces and 1pieces. subsoiling group was the soil crust group root depth of 15 cm, bald little 0.5 cm, ear length more than 1cm,0.1cm of ear diameter, ear height 3 cm, weight of 100 grains with high 1.2g. A 6.4% increase in production.It is visible that subsoiling can improve the maize growth affected by the soil crust after rainfall. Increased soil water storage and permeability, promote the growth and development of maize and dry matter accumulation, increase the yield of maize, cultivation and management to provide the theoretical basis for maize cultivation management in red soil.