Study Of Photosynthesis Charactristics And Experimental Study Of Fertilizer By ‘3414’ Of Oil Eony

Here we showed the photosynthetic characteristics of 4 wild oil peony(Paeonia, Ranunculaceae) species from 11 provenances in different provinces in China and the seedlings of ‘Fengdan White’ treated by different concentrations of Calcium. Hereby predicted the seed yields of different wild peonies and analized the inflounce of Calcium to ‘Fengdan White’. By investigating the leaf gas-exchange factors, light-response curves and Chlorophyll contents of the different peonies in April and May, 2015 and measuring the height and biomass of seedlings in different growth period, several photosynthetic parameters were analyzed and compared. ‘Fengdan White’ of five years old were performed a “3414” fertilizer experiment. Results were as follows:1.The daily photosynthesis variation curves of eight origins were bimodal while the rest three were unimodal. Paeonia rockii from Lintao county and Paeonia delavayi from Wenbishan mountain had significantly higher net photosynthetic rate than the others, suggesting larger photosynthesis capacity. The analysis of net photosynthetic rate reduction showed that Paeonia rockii and Paeonia delavayi had larger photosynthetic abilities than the other two species. Paeonia rockii from Baokang county had the biggest apparent quantum yield and lowest light compensation point of the all, which enabled it to possess the largest radiation use efficiency and shade-endurance. Paeonia delavayi from Wenbishan mountain had the biggest light-saturated net photosynthetic rate coming with the largest photosynthesis potential. The total chlorophyll content comparison showed strong photosynthesis capacity in Paeonia rockii from Baokang county and Paeonia rockii from Lintao county. In summary, Paeonia rockii and Paeonia delavayi especially Paeonia rockii from Lintao county, Paeonia rockii from Baokang county, and Paeonia delavayi from Wenbishan mountain had advantages in photosynthetic capacity to synthesis organic matters and could be screened as superior provenances.2. Four different treatments(Ca0, Ca1, Ca2 and Ca3) were performed: the seedlings were irrigated and nourished by Hoagland nutrient solution containing different calcium concentrations(0, 80, 160 and 240mg/g corresponding to treatments respectively), achieved by adjusting the content of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O. The diurnal photosynthetic variation progresses and light response curves were measured by LI-6400 XT portable photosynthesis system in cloudless days in May, 2015. The chlorophyll content was extracted from a mixture solution(acetone: 95% absolute ethyl alcohol=2:1) and was analyzed in ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer. The growth situation was determined by measuring plant height and biomass at different growing periods. Results were as follows: The diurnal photosynthesis progress curves of ‘Fengdan White’ oil peony with four treatments were all unimodal. Peonies treated with 160 mg g-1 calcium concentration(Ca2) showed a 10.60μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 daily average net photosynthesis rate and a 19.17 μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 peak net photosynthesis rate, which were 18.63% and 39.15% higher than the average of other three treatments respectively. Both daily average of stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher after Ca2 compared to the rest. However the stomatal conductance value of Ca2 was significant higher whereas transpiration value was not, indicating 160mg/g calcium element in cultivation substrate can result into a bigger stomatal conductance while keep transpiration from increasing at noon when temperature is high. The analysis of light response curves of four treatments showed that the apparent quantum yield efficiency values ranged from 0.0601 to 0.0751, where the value of Ca 2 was 21.59% higher than the others in average. The range of total chlorophyll contents with four treatments were 12.03-20.33 mg/g, and the value of Ca2 was 59.03% higher than the average value of the rest treatments. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b of Ca2 and Ca3 were lower than the other two treatments, which indicated a stronger shade-endurance. Both plant height and biomass of Ca2 were significantly higher than other three treatments at different times. Liner-regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between net photosynthesis rate(y1) and chlorophyll a content(x1), chlorophyll b content(x2), the total chlorophyll content(x3), plant height increment(x4) and biomass increment(x5), suggesting the rate of net photosynthesis and growth situation of ‘Fengdan White’ can be expressed by chlorophyll content, plant height and biomass preferably. In summary, Ca2(with 160 mg/g calcium element) can maintain a larger degree of stomata opening of ‘Fengdan White’ leaves, leading to a higher net photosynthesis rate at noon without a ‘midday depression’ of photosynthesis. At the same time, high concentration of calcium can enhance the shade-endurance of ‘Fengdan White’. Therefore, fertilizing 160 mg/g concentration of calcium in cultivating oil peony ‘Fengdan White’ optimized its capability of improving photosynthetic intensity and synthesizing organic matter and promoted the plant growth.3. The fruit diameter range of ‘Fengdan White’ under all treatments was 8.1-10.1cm, with 5-7 single pods in every wheely pod fruit. The seed diameter range was 6-9mm and that of Hundred-grain weight was 25.43-39.70 g. The primary impact factor of ‘Fengdan White’ to improve sees yield was nitrogenous fertilizer due to the ratio of increased yield to N, P, K fertilizer were 63.57%, 55.72% and 44.34% respectively. The increased ratio of treatment 6 was the highest, which was 104.38%. The highest increased output value was of treatment 5, which was 11538.25 yuan/hm2. According to fitting results by fitted equations, the recommended fertilizing amount calculated were divided into two cases: when the fertilizer amount were N335.44Kg/hm2, P2O5110.62Kg/hm2 and K2 O 为 261.84Kg/hm2, the farmland would obtain the highest seed yield 1461.37Kg/hm2, and when the fertilizer amount were N332.94Kg/hm2, P2O5109.73Kg/hm2 and K2O248.37Kg/hm2, the farmland would obtain the best seed yield 1456.77Kg/hm2 with the highest output value.