Research On The Mode Of High Effective Utilization Of Water And Fertilizer On Dryland Apple Orchare

Weibei Dry land is the main apple production area of Shannxi province. It is a eugenics because of its soil and climate. the apple industry is a basic economic income of this region, Baishui is the main area in Weibei Dryland of organic apple production, but the agricultural foundation is weak and inadequate investment, rainfall rare and temporal and spatial distribution imbalance and other natural conditions, coupled with the proportion of water and land resources using disorders, fertilization methods unreasonable, unbalanced investment and production and many other factors, resulting in losing of nutrient imbalance of cultivating land, organic matter content is low, compared with the land degradation more and more serious, the further improvement of yield and quality of apples are limited seriously. Therefore, in order to improve water and nutrient use efficiency orchards in the region, taken to measures to increase the organic fertilizer inputs, balanced suppliment of nutrients, orchard covering measurement, water-saving irrigation and fertilizer integration of integrated applications to be as a core of local apple production and become hot topics.The study was to search the effectiveness of a comprehensive management mode in apple production in Weibei dryland area, Shaanxi Province, Fuji apple orchard as the research methods, by studing the effect of Farmers management pattern, Extension management pattern and Optimized management pattern on water use efficiency, leaf growth, yield and quality, soil nutrients, etc. aims to provide a theoretical basis for the realization production of apple yield, fertilizer efficient and sustainable development of agriculture. From this study, we have following conclusions:（1） Compared with the extension management pattern and farmers mode,optimized model can increase thickness of one hundred leaves,spring shoot,leaf area, chlorophyll, water content, excellent fruit rate and yield of per plant. Compared with famer mode, optimization model and existing mode can increase income 10.06 wan yuan /ha and 5.6 wan yuan / ha.（2） Compared with EM, OM can improve the NPK contents of leaves of young fruit period, enlargement and ripening period. Compared with farmer model, the NPK uptake in fruits under optimized model were increased by 77.9%、62.9% and 41.4%. The Vitamin C, soluble solid, hardness, soluble sugar, and sugar-acid ratio were all increased significantly and the contents of titratable acidity decreased. The highest percentage of apple sizes with diameters>80 mm was in optimized model, and the excellent fruit rate were averagely 22.2% and 17.4% higher than in conventional model and farmer model.（3） The soil water storage of OM was significantly improved by 14.6%、6.1%, higher than EM and FM respectively. Compared with FM and EM. the apple yield of OM was also increased by 20.1%、33.6% respectively, the water use efficiency of OM was highest, and was 42.6% and 28.9% higher than FM and EM. OM could decrease the maximum soil temperature, buffer different time temperature variability, increase the soil thermal capacity, Compared with EM and FM; OM could increase NO3--N content of 0-120 cm soil depth, and decrease NO3-N accumulation of 120-300 cm soil profile.（4） OM can improve soil available nutrient content and trace elements in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm profit significantly.Soil invertase enzyme content of OM and EM higher than FM significantly, alkaline phosphatase and urease content of OM and FM higher than the current model significantly.（5） The organic manure input, maybe the ratio and time of N:P₂O₅:K₂O fertilizer in the currently recommended mode should be modified in the experimental area. For the more effective mode, organic manure should be increased to 45 t/hm2, the amount of basal and topdressing of N:P₂O₅:K₂O should be adjusted to 150: 90: 135 kg·ha^-1, and the topdressing date be brought advanced to early fruit enlarging stage at July 10. Double mulching with black film around tree truck and covering the soil in between the tree rows are also suggested in the apple orchards in Weibei dry land area, Shaanxi Province.