| Atractylodes lancea(Thub.) DC belongs to Asteraceae family. The rhizome of A. lancea with sweet flavor and mild efficacy has been widely used to treat many diseases such as cold, fever and muscle spasms, and also to enhance splenic function and food digestion in Chinese traditional medicine. It also has effects to extend life, lose weight after a long-term use. In the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, insufficient or excessive fertilization is a common case, because farmer mostly spread fertilizer empirically, which leads to a negative impact on the production of Chinese herbal medicines. "3414" incomplete fertilization design was used in this test in order to optimize the fertilization techniques for the cultivation of A. lancea. The growth, some physiological and biochemical indexes, and economic yield were measured during the first annual growth cycle of A. lancea after its rhizome transplanted in order to obtain the optimized formula fertilization for A. lancea cultivation and provide a theoretical basis for its high-quality and high-yield cultivation. The main results are as follows:1. The plant height, top fourth leaf length, and SPAD value were increased by fertilization. Compared with that under the low nitrogen levels(N0, N1), the growth of A.lancea was promoted significantly under the high nitrogen level(N2, N3). N2P2K3 treatment had the best effect on promoting the growth of A.lancea. Reasonable N, P, K fertilizer ratio could not only save fertilizer, but also play an important role on the growth and development of A.lancea.2. The light compensation point and light saturation point of A.lancea were about 20μmol/(m2·s), 1200μmol/(m2·s) respectively. The CO2 compensation point was between 50~80 μmol/mol, and the CO2 saturation point was about 1200μmol/mol. The variation of net photosynthetic rate of A. lancea leaves was 6.47~15.52μmol/(m2·s). Under the same N and P level, the net photosynthetic rate of A. lancea was positively correlated with the K level. The net photosynthetic rate of A. lancea was 15.52μmol/(m2·s) under the N2P2K3 treatment, which was 2.4 times of the control, and reached a significant level statistically.3. In an annual growth period, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in rhizome were in same sequence from high to low, that was August > November > May. The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein under each fertilizer treatment were higher than that of the control. With the level of N and K increased, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased too. On the whole, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and ether extraction from the rhizome under N2P2K3 treatment was relatively higher.4. The Atractylodin contents in fibrous roots and rhizomes sampled in different growth stages were in same squence from high to low, that was November > August > May. But Atractylodin content in leaves was higher in August. The tractylodin content in fibrous root was 2.80~4.60mg/g under the different treatments in November, and that was 2.14~4.52mg/g in rhizome, which was slightly less than that of the fibrous root. The Atractylodin content in the different parts of A. lancea under the high nitrogen level(N2, N3) was remarkably higher than that of the control, and the highest content of Atractylodin in rhizomes appeared under the N2P2K3 treatment. Based on the chemical fingerprint analysis, the ingredients in roots and fibrous were complex and quite different, but atractylodin was the main component. The similarity of fingerprints of roots and fibrous roots were more than 0.9 under different fertilization treatments, which indicated that A. lancea had a stable quality and maintain the components high consistently.5. In different growth and development periods, the nitrogen content in leaves and rhizomes showed similar variation trend from high to low, which was November > August > May, but nitrogen content in fibrous roots increased all the time from May to November. The distribution of total nitrogen in the different parts changed during the different growth seasons, and showed the following variation trends: fibrous roots > leaves > rhizomes in May, fibrous roots > rhizomes > leaves in August, fibrous roots > rhizomes November. The total nitrogen in the different parts of A. lancea under the relatively higher nitrogen fertilizer applied such as N2 and N3 was significantly higher than that of the control, and that reached the highest under N2P2K3 treatment. During the same growth period, the potassium content in the fibrous roots was all higher than that in the rhizomes. The nitrogen content showed a positive correlation with potassium level in the different parts of A. lancea. But the potassium contents in the different parts of A. lancea increased at first and then reduced with nitrogen fertilizer applied from lower to higer levels.6. Based on the analysis of the annual and biennial A. lancea plants, the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, ether extraction, atractylodin in rhizomes and fibrous roots, and the economic yield in the biennial plants were much higher than that of the annual plants, which each increased by 37.80%, 24.36%, 13.69%, 97.72%, 68.13%, and 70.87%, respectively. It suggested that the quality and yield of the biennial A. lancea were significantly better than that of the annual plants. The yield estimation results showed that the output of rhizomes increased with the of N and K application, and the output under N2P2K3 treatment was higher than that of the control by 56.32%, which indicated that N2P2K3 was the optimum fertilization combination for A. lancea cultivation. |
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