| The implementation of conservation tillage can effectively improve soil structure, soil fertility, improve the utilization rate of resources, and reduce the operation cost so as to achieve the effect of increasing production. Solutions like surfacing coverage, overwintering with root reserving, no-tillage sowing in next-year spring are the central part of the corn field conservation tillage. However, the residual straw covers the seeding belt, which makes the traditional machine no longer adapt to the no-tillage spring sowing operation, so no-tillage planter arises has come into being in such case. As a sowing machinery with sowing being its core, the difficulty lies in stubble cutting, anti blocking, and fertilization with stubble at the same time. At present, though there are many kinds of no-till planters and residues cutting and anti blocking device in the market, there still existing problems like poor stubble cutting function, poor effect at soil loosening, complex anti blocking mechanism and high cost etc. In this case, this study design a new kind of device which can pieces, creeping, clean ridge, fertilization and so on.Main content and achievements of this study:(1)Design ideas of the device is determined after referencing to a large number of domestic and foreign materials related to no-tillage machinery, and comparing and analyzing the mechanism and design scheme of the various types of anti blocking device.(2)Component design of residues cutting and anti blocking device. According to the no-tillage seeding characteristics of corn ridge in the northeastern of China, the advantages and disadvantages of plugging, anti blocking device has been analyzed and compared. Using the existing device as framework and combing with agronomic requirements, the stubble breaking and anti blocking device is designed. Considering with the field condition of the conservation tillage in the middle and western part of Liaoning Province, the stubble cutting knife is determined as notch gap with an outer diameter length of 435mm and a partial split thickness of 2mm. The stubble device is determined as the 16 finger-size finger type straw wheel with a wheel excircle diameter of 300mm. Residues cutting plate is placed at the inner part of the breaking stubble device with a big size nozzle straw board installed on the residues cutting plate. The soil bin test frame which could be adjusted and other auxiliary parts were designed.(3)In the no-tillage sowing, notched plate knife could not only finish the stubble cutting, but also could open fertilizer ditch for corn. In order to research the fertilizer ditch quality under different notched plate knife stubble cutter location and operating speed, as well as the best operating parameters, Abaqus finite element simulation software is used to analyze the influence of these factors on the groove depth and width of the model fertilizer. We concluded that at a unit speed to 1.67 m/s,12cm penetrating depth of disc cutter and a disc blade angle of 6 degrees, the quality of the fertilizer ditch is the best. So as to determine the installation position of the stubble breaking and anti blocking device as well as the operation speed.(4)The whole machine was tested and studied, stubble performance and anti blocking performance was selected as a representative to performed a field test. After analyzing the data obtained, the improved design of no-tillage planter is verified to reached the relevant requirements, and at the same time the fertilizer ditch opening quality of the notched plate knife and the field adaptability of the no-tillage sowing machine has been checked. |
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