The Changs Of Endogenous Phytohormones Of Camellia Nitidissima And Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Camellia Pingguoensis Var. Terminalis

Camellia Section Chrysantha Chang was unique, rare and endangered plant species in our country, and it has high ornamental, health care, medical and research value. By using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), measured endogenou hormones dynamically changing of C. nitidissima about different flowering amount (more-flowering plant, less-flowering, non-flowering plants) during one year period, as well as comparative analysised hormone contents of C. lungzhouensis, C. impressinervis, C. euphlebia and C. tunghinensis in flowering and solid phase. This results help to understand deeply relationship of endogenous hormones and flowering amount. On the other hand, using SSR moLecular marker technology, analyzed natural population genetic diversity and genetic structure of C.terminalis, and provided basis theoretical for reasonable protection and recovery.The main research results were as follows:In bud differentiation period, leaves IAA and ZR content rise first then fall, GA3 content in the overall rise, and ABA content first decreased and then increased. Among them, the more-flowering plant ZR content was higher than less-flowering or non-flower plant, while IAA, GA3, ABA content were less than them. During bloom, IAA, GA3, ABA content overall decline, ZR content fall first then rise. And among them, the more-flowering plant IAA, ZR, GA3 content higher than less-flowering or non-flowering plant, ABA content were less than them. Has a promoting effect or antagonism between endogenous hormones, ZR/IAA ratio is larger in vegetative and smaller in reproductive stage but (IAA+GA3)/ZR in contrast. ZR was a important regulating hormones for regulating flower morphological differentiation and promoting the gold scented in growth. In early stage of the flower bud differentiation of artificial regulation of the plant endogenous hormone content and proportion, improving ZR, IAA content or reducing GA3, ABA content, was advantageous to the formatting, increasing fruit-bearing rate, reducing the fallen petal and fruit, promoting high and stable yield.In flower period, organizations of hormones contents in C. lungzhouensis as follows: fruit leaves> vegetative leaves, fruit branches> vegetative branches, blooming flower> early blooming flower> bud. At solid period, fruit leaves> vegetative leaves, vegetative branches> fruit branches. The solid was highest content of IAA. Bud dormancy would benefit from low IAA, GA3. High GA3 and low ABA, ZR were advantageous to morphological differentiation, and high IAA, GA3 and low ABA promoted the growth of solid. ABA content and GA3/ABA ratio rising in bud differentiation period, was the basis of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and ABA, GA3/ABA ratio changing in site can take it as a physiological marker for reproductive growth of C. lungzhouensis. In the process of flower formation, ZR, GA3, ABA, promoted each other, and IAA and ABA in solid were antagonistic to each other.The average IAA contents on different organizations of C. euphlebia as:branches> leaves, solid> flower> bud, and GA3 contents as:leaves> branches, solid> bud> flower. The average of ZR contents as:leaves> branches, bud> flower> solid, ABA as:branches> leaves, flower> bud> solid. In bud differentiation period, bud IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA, (IAA+GA3)/ZR ratio were gradually rose. In morphological differentiation stage, flower IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA ratio declined. In solid formation period, solid IAA/ABA, (IAA+GA3)/ZR ratio sharply rose. These show that IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA, (IAA+GA3)/ZR ratio increased were beneficial to bud differentiation. IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA ratio went down were conducive to morphological differentiation, while IAA/ABA, (IAA+GA3)/ZR ratio increase were making for fruit development.Branches average hormones contents were higher than leaves in C. tunghinensis. In flowering and solid period, fruit leaves IAA, ABA contents fall first then rise, GA3 and ZR contents first after the high low. Fruit branches IAA, ABA contents were changing as ’low-high-low-high’. ZR contents rise first then fall, GA3 after the first low high. In bud differentiation period, bud GA3, ABA contents increased and cut down the contents of IAA, ZR. In flowers morphological differentiation period, IAA, ZR contents increased and cut down the contents of GA3 and ABA. In the process of solid growth, solid IAA and GA3 contents were increased, while ZR, ABA contents declined. Above show that high GA3, ABA and lower IAA, ZR contents were good for bud differentiation, and high IAA, ZR and low GA3, ABA contents were beneficial to flower morphological differentiation. In addition, relatively high contents of ZR were the key factor florescence. High contents of ABA were conducive to flowers fall off. High contents of IAA, GA3 and low contents ABA were advantageous to the growth of solid.The average contents of IAA, ZR in C. impressinervis organizations as:fruit leaves> vegetative leaves, fruit branches> vegetative branches.While GA3、ABA average contents as: vegetative leaves> fruit leaves, vegetative branches> fruit branches. Average IAA contents in the bud, flower, solid as:solid> flower> bud, GA3 as:solid> bud> flower, ABA as:flower> bud> solid. In bud differentiation period, ZR contents and ZR/ABA ratio dropped in buds, while flowers ZR content and IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA ratio jumped sharply in morphological differentiation period. In the process of solid growth, solid contents of IAA, GA3 and IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA, (IAA+GA3)/ZR ratio rose. Above shows that ZR contents and ZR/ABA ratio decreased were beneficial to bud to reproductive direction. And high ZR contents and ZR/ABA ratio promoted morphological differentiation. IAA and GA3 contents rose promoted the growth of solid.By using nine SSR primers, analyzed genetic diversity and structure for 123 samples in four natural populations of C. terminalis. The results showed that average number of alleles for each locus (Na) was 6.417, allelic richness was 6.132, polymorphism information content (AR) was 0.721, and percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 100%. It remained a medium level of genetic diversity, because its observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.564 and 0.679. According F statistics and AMOVA testing, population genetic variation were mainly exists in the group, appeared in the group of inbreeding. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium detected that No.2, No.3 and No.4 population significantly deviated from balance and its fixation index were positive value, and that these group would be heterozygote deficiency. The gene flow between populations was 4.575 and Mantel tests shown that it was not relevant between genetic distance and geographical distribution.Structure and UPGMA clustering shown that four populations were divided into three groups, No.1, No.2 as the first group, No.3 as the second group, and No.4 as the third group.