Swimming Ability Of Carp And The Application In The Design Of The Fish Way

It brings huge economic benefits with the development and utilization of water conservancy project, meanwhile it is inevitable to have a significant impact on ecosystem and environmental changes of the river basin. It blocks the connectivity of the original river, causing to fragmentation of river ecological environment, then leading to life history of the migratory and semi-migratory fish can not be completed. Blocking the route of migration of fish and other aquatic plant animals in the river will directly cause reduction in the number of species, which even leading to the extinction of some special species. Fish way can provide aquatic species a ecological corridor of communication between upstream and downstream of dams, which easing the part situation of the fish faced. For the sake of speeding up the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the sustainable development, the building of the fish way is a crucial beneficial ecological compensation project, which also will be a hot issue of ecological restoration in the future. Only adapt to the different characteristics of the fish can fish way design achieve a better fish effect. The swimming ability of fishes can provide a scientific basis of design velocity for fish way, the recovery ability of fishes is directly related to the distance of the lounge design for fish way, the flow pattern of pool room for fish way can provide corresponding theoretical basis for the optimization of structure type of fish way.In this study, the determination of swimming performance of the five kinds carps and the experimental study of flow patterns of pool model room in Laokou fish way adopt to a method of flow delivery and fixed flow rate delivery, which are widely used all over the world. The study contains the followings:1. The swimming ability and swimming behavior of juvenile grass carp were studied on three groups ranges of body length. The experimentations showed that the relative critical swimming speed of grass carp decreases when the body length increases, the linear fitting curve is:Ucrit=-0.5169 BL+14.021 (R2=0.9982); the absolute critical swimming speed of grass carp increases when the body length increases, the linear fitting curve is:Ucrit=3.0056 BL+57.894 (R2=0.9836); the tail frequency of Grass carp was correlated with swimming speed; the tail frequency of Grass carp individuals with larger body length was less than smaller individuals.2. The swimming ability of carps was studied in different temperature and slope. The experimentations showed that the relative critical swimming speed of bighead increases when the temperature increases at the range of 20℃ to 29℃, the linear fitting curve is:Ucrit’=0.1797T+1.4357(R2=0.9524); the relative critical swimming speed of silver carp decreases when the slope increases, the linear fitting curve is:Ucrit’=-0.163X+5.775 (R2=0.9997)3. The swimming ability of black carp in different early sports consumption status was studied. The experimentations show that the relative critical swimming speed of black carp had little effect on consumption of early exercise in the low motion (motion velocity is less than 0.8Ucrit); the relative critical swimming speed of black carp decreases when the velocity of early exercise consumption increases in the stage of higher sports consumption status (motion velocity is more than 0.8Ucrit)4. The motion recovery ability of five kinds carps was studied. The experimentations showed that the order of motion recovery ability of relative critical swimming speed is Bigeye ratmouth> Grass Carp> black carp> silver carp>bighead; the recovery ability of bighead should be as a reference in the fish way design process.5. The hydraulic model of Laokou fish way project was studied. The results showed that the rationality of size design of Laokou fish way project; the mainstream of flow pattern of fish way compartment model showed a basic Ω shape, at the same time on both sides of mainstream form an obvious recirculation zone.