| Grape is one of the “the four great fruit trees” in the world. It is also the important cultivation kind of fruit tree in China. It is important of fertilization in the cultivation of grape. On the one hand, too little fertilizer will limit the growth and quality of grapes. And it also reduced the production. On the other hand, too much fertilizer will pollute the environment. At present, The cultivation and management of grape is more based on the summary of the technology and experience,less based on the application research of balanced fertilization and precision fertilization which is more efficient. To solve this problem, this paper mainly researches on the nutrition content of soil in the main production area of grapes in Shaanxi province.Aims to find out grape producing condition of soil nutrient content in Shaanxi province, improve the vineyard soil nutrition and increase grape efficient application of irrigation and fertilization in order to improve yield and quality of grapes. With analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and nutrition elements, this experiment collected the soil depths from 0 to 60 cm from 13 orchards in the four big grape production regions, Weinan, Xi’an, Baoji, Xianyang in Shaanxi province to explore soil nutrient status of major grape-producing area and further to provide the basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization. The main results and advice are as follows:1. The overall situation of the main production areas in Shaanxi province. The pH of this soil is above 8.5, showing the strong alkaline. The soil bulk density range is between 1.58~1.89, so the most of the orchard soil belongs to the tight soil. The range of organic matter content is between 6.9~27.97 g/kg, in addition to Huxian orchard in Xi’an, Shaanxi province in middle level of soil organic matter. In the total nutrient elements, the total nitrogen content is between 0.39~1.79 g/kg, most of orchards are below middle level. While the total phosphorus and total potassium content are rich. In the available nutrients, the available nitrogen content is between 15.47-63.18 mg/kg, belongs to the medium to low level. The available phosphorus content of soil is low in Weinan areas, the available phosphorus content of soil in other parts of the orchard is rich, but in 20 cm below the soil content is low. The available potassium content is rich in each orchard, above belongs to high level as a whole. The effective copper content is between 0.58~4.63 mg/kg, over the middle level, the effective zinc content changes with the different soil depths, it is rich on the surface soil, while in the lack of state under the 20 cm depths. The effective iron and manganese content are very little in Shaanxi production areas which are in the lack of state.2. In the main production areas in Shaanxi province, the pH of orchard soil is between 6.51~7.72 in Huxian, obviously lower than other orchards. Organic matter content is between 21.65~27.97 g/kg. Water content is between 19.95%~25.14%, total nitrogen content is between 1.13~1.79 g/kg, were significantly higher than other orchard. The total phosphorus content is the highest in Baoji areas and lowest in Xi’an Baqiao areas. Baoji is the highest area of the available nitrogen nutrient, between 40.13~61.39 mg/kg, Xi’an is the lowest area of it, between 19.27~29.17 mg/kg. Among the metal elements, the effective content of copper, manganese and iron in Huxian orchard is highest, effective iron in Baoji region is lowest, the most effective content of zinc are in Baoji region, and the lowest content is in Xi’an Baqiao orchard, Baoji orchards have the least effective manganese.3. Suggestion: the problem of unbalanced distribution of area and depths is obvious on soil nutrient in Shaanxi province, we suggest the growers of vineyard that they can increase organic fertilizer, nitrogen. Pay attention to available nitrogen, iron, manganese and other trace elements supplementation, and make deep fertilization of phosphorus and zinc. |
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