Research On Mechanical Straw Deep Returning In Western Liaoning Province

Straw deep returning is one of the main measures of crop straw comprehensive utilization, it can effectively improve the western arid area of Liaoning Province, where has problems of " dry climate, shallow topsoil, and low soil organic matter ". Combined with ministry of agriculture industry research projects and key projects of comprehensive agricultural development in Liaoning Province, the study carried out a series of researches and demonstrations of straw deep returning in the western arid area of Liaoning Province. This study not only determines mechanized working process and equips the key operation equipment of mechanical straw deep returning, but also evaluates economic benefits and determines effects on soil properties and maize yield of mechanical straw deep returning. The research provides the basis for the corn straw comprehensive utilization and the "dry, slight, thin" problem in the western arid field area of Liaoning Province. The main research contents and conclusions are as below:(1)It determines mechanized working process of mechanical straw deep returning. Needed to dig the plow deep furrow after maize harvest in autumn, uniformly mixed fertilizer with corn straw which collected by corn straw manure returning machine, and transported to the plow out of the ditch, then conducted soil ridging by soil plow, finally can carry out mulch sowing in the second spring.Needed to lay corn straw along the furrow which is harvest in the autumn,sow with no tillage fertilization in the third years spring.(2) The key links are analyzed by mechanical straw deep returning. It determines the necessary operating equipment and the typical parts of the equipment operating results. The mechanized straw deep in western Liaoning area of 40 hm2 is also equipped with machinery. The appropriate scale analyses are used on set, straw ditching unit, sowing unit, harvest unit. The best equipment is got according to the critical size of the equipment.(3) Contrast experiment of straw deep returning and conventional planting technology are conducted in Chaoyang City of Liaoning province. The results shows that straw deep incorporation could significantly increase soil moisture, reduce topsoil compaction, decrease soil bulk density, and increase the yield of corn. Compared with the traditional tillage, economic benefit analysis shows that the straw deep returning can increase production by 10.61%, and can increase net income by 13.14%.In economic and technical evaluation, internal return rate is 48%, net present value is 477.8 thousand on the basis of the 8% benchmark yield, payback period is 2.8 years, and the economic benefit is better.