Long Term Fertilization On Soil K Spatial Distribution And Tomato Effect Of Yield And Quality

In this paper, the current vegetable production facilities due to unreasonable fertilization caused lower utilization of fertilizer, soil quality deterioration, decline in yield and quality of vegetable and other issues in order to fertilize vegetables long-term experiment of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, established in 1988, based on selected of which 10 related to soil potassium treatment:the part of the organic fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as A), were single organic fertilizer (ANO), organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer (AK), organic nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer (ANK), organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (APK), organic manure and NPK fertilizers (ANPK).Part of the non-organic fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as B), respectively, no fertilizer (BNO), potassium fertilizer (BK), single N and K fertilizer (BNK), single application of P and K (BPK), single Nitrogen Phosphorus potassium (BNPK). In this study, soil available potassium, slowly available potassium, total potassium, tomato leaves, fruits, stems, roots and potassium uptake, yield and quality (soluble sugars, organic acids, sugar acid ratio, vitamin C) were measured and, through organic manure and NPK fertilizer was applied to farmland ecosystem soil each period, depth potassium content of tomato yield and quality of the various soil and, from one side to clarify the long-term application of organic manure and NPK fertilizer on soil potassium space the role of variation and potassium balance. The main research results obtained are as follows:(1) Long-term application of fertilizer conditions, changes in potassium content in soil layers significant difference. Greatly affected by soil K under different treatments, by comparison of the soil 0-20,20-40,40-60cm three levels, the results showed that organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of soil available K, organic fertilizer than non-treated soil using organic fertilizer processed soil K content increased an average of 49.99%,57.42% and 45.90%. Organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer to improve all levels of potassium content also has a very significant effect in 0-20cm soil as an example, AK soil potassium content in each period are up 288.46mg.kg-1,211.83 mg.kg-1,214.77 mg.kg-1. Changes at all levels of soil available potassium and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with organic fertilizer combined application of different methods are closely linked.(2) The test of the processing of tomato slowly available potassium in soil,0 to 20,20 to 40,40 to 60cm level increasing organic fertilizer in the soil has significant effects on soil slowly available potassium content, flowering period, for example, the processing of organic than organic fertilizer increased slowly available potassium of the processing of 139.28mg/kg-1,286.97 mg/kg-1,184.66 mg/kg-1. Organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer with up to the promotion of soil slowly available potassium content to the more obvious effect. Tomato growth and development period of different organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer with higher than single organic fertilizer in the soil available K average 186.73mg/kg-1. In tomato different reproductive period, the deepness of soil deepen and slowly available potassium content shows the tendency of gradually reduce.(3) Tomato content of total potassium in soil are more likely affected by the different fertilizer treatments,0 to 20cm,20 to 40cm soil layer soil total potassium content is significant difference, in the two levels, the content of total potassium in soil under the influence of organic fertilizer is relatively obvious, instead of organic fertilizer applied into reduced the content of total potassium in soil, and tomatoes in 40 to 60cm soil layer soil total potassium content difference is not big. In 0～20cm level of soil, to handle the AK, BK total potassium content is the highest, visible k fertilizer to improve soil total potassium content has more obvious effect. Unlike rapidly-available potassium gentle K, instead of long-term application of organic fertilizer decreased the trend of soil total potassium content, but the effect is not significant. Long-term fertilization of potash fertilizer to improve the effect of soil total potassium content is obvious.(4) Under the long-term fertilization conditions, the processing of the fruits of tomato leaf, stem, root, potassium uptake between significant difference. Overall, increasing organic fertilizer with nitrogen treatment and organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer NPK treatment is beneficial to promote the absorption of plant potassium. The highest leaf potassium uptake was ANPK treatment was 3.92%, the stem is the highest potassium uptake ANPK treatment was 2.98%, the root of the highest potassium uptake for AK, reached 1.83%, and the fruit of BK the highest performance, followed by BNPK,3.72% and 3.71% respectively. Part from the fruit of the tomato in different organs, potassium uptake is much higher than that of other parts, and the root of potassium uptake of total k uptake ratio is small, potassium uptake of total K uptake ratio in sequence for fruit>Stem leaves>stem>root system. Tomato fruits, the processing of potassium uptake ratio from 30.2% to 36.6% range, tomato leaf, the processing of potassium uptake ratio from 26.9% to 35.0% range, tomato stem, the processing of potassium uptake ratio from 17.2% to 27.7% range, tomato root system, the processing of potassium uptake ratio in the range of 11.0% to 16.6%.(5) Under long-term fertilization, each tomato yield significantly different. Organic fertilizer processing than non-organic fertilizer processing tomato high yield per hectare yield 5065.5kg, an increase of 19.49%. ANPK highest yield of tomato, followed by treatment BNPK process, reaching 76732.5 kg.hm-2、60289.5 kg.hm-2. Organic fertilizer processing yield were higher than the corresponding non-organic fertilizer processing, and use of organic manure and NPK is more conducive to improve tomato production. Without the application of organic fertilizer processing, production and processing BNO BNK significantly higher processing BPK, BK, nitrogen can improve tomato production, potash obvious increase in the role.(6) Long-term fertilization conditions, the tomato quality significant difference of each processing, the processing of organic soluble sugar content is higher than that of no organic fertilizer processing, the average increased by 5.84%; Organic manure and NPK fertilizer to improve the soluble sugar content in fruit is more significant, trial ANPK treatment reached 5.56%, followed by processing BNPK, both significant difference compared with other processing. Through this test can be seen under phosphorus distribution ratio of n fertilizer NPK could effectively increase the content of soluble sugar in fruit.Organic manure and NPK could be effective with the regulation of the content of organic acid treatment ANPK organic acid content is the lowest, followed by BNPK processing. Organic manure and NPK fertilizer can improve the effect of fruit sugar acid ratio, processing ANPK sugar acid ratio is highest, the second is the BNPK, and between the two significant difference compared with other processing, visible through the reasonable way of fertilization can significantly improve the tomato.Vitamin C content of each treatment were significantly different, P and K of organic fertilizers Nitrogen can effectively increase the content of vitamin C in tomato fruit processing ANPK, BNPK highest vitamin C content, vitamin C content processing lowest ANO, BNO, and two other processing significant difference. ANPK vitamin C content higher than ANO 10.3mg/kg-1, BNPK than ANO vitamin C content higher than BNO 5.4mg/kg-1.