| Flowering is a key process for crops, and it is the transition stage which is from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Heilongjiang province is located in the northeast region of high latitude, which belongs to temperate monsoon climate. The annual frost free period of is short. Frosty period begins in late September and ends between April and May. The annual average temperature in Heilongjiang Province in – 5~5 ℃, and average temperature in January is- 31 ℃~15 ℃. 70% or not is the key to winter wheat can be planted in this are a. Introduction varieties of long-term tests show that most of the foreign winter wheat varieties can not live through the winter safely in Heilongjiang Province, so Heilongjiang province is designated as the main production area of spring wheat in China’s wheat regionalization. Dongnongdongmai 1, a new variety of winter wheat bred in 2007 by the Northeast Agricultural University, has been planted for more than 10 years in the large area of Heilongjiang Province, and the over wintering rate can reach more than 80%. It shows that a new series of winter wheat varieties that can live through the winter safely in frigid regions can been bred by genetic improvement in overwinter. 。“Ningdong 11”bred by the Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Crops, is planted in early September, and the mature period is in July 1-10 th of the following year. Although the reviving rate in the Heilongjiang Province is low, the mature period of winter survival of plants is about June 25 th. And the mature period of high lines bred by Northeast Agricultural University is between July 5th and July 15 th. The mature period of introduction varieties found by Ningdong 11 can be changed. Exploding the key point of maturity improvement to early ripening stage so as to provide more accumulated temperature or to extend the maturity appropriately for later crops. And the grouting period is extended to increase production. Some scholars have found that varieties that head earlier, and so does the mature. Therefore, the analysis of reasons for introduction varieties of Ningdong 11 reaching mature at the end of June but our own variety not, should be mainly through the process of spike differentiation. The spike differentiation process is impacted by a series of factors, such as moisture, nutrients, climate, and the genetic characteristics, and so on. This experiment is mainly about nutrients and related gene expression in the process of spike differentiation of winter wheat varieties.Therefore, this study analyzed the differences of the germpla sm resources of winter wheat and the mature period of Ningdong11. This study took different maturity period of winter wheat varieties:Ningdong 11, Dongnong dongmai1, Dongnong 06-256, Dongnong 09-377, and Dongnong 09-506 five copies of winter wheat as test material. Taking samples began April 7th 2015 after reviving and to observe the growth cone to clear differentiation process, and to measure soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, and protein content of different stages of winter wheat plant, and to measure root activity simultaneously. The mature period of Ningdong 11 and Dongnongdongmai 1 are different significantly. The period of spike differentiation is elongation stage, single ridge stage, double ridge stage, glumes differentiation stage, floret primordium formation stage, pistil primordium antherlobe formation of flowering related gene fluorescence quantitative phase and at the heading stage, the key period of clear varieties of spike differentiation, finally yield determination and analysis of changes in the effects of nutrient content of winter wheat in winter and flowering of spike differentiation gene on the spike differentiation and yield, finally through a combination of physiological and biochemical indexes of the spike differentiation and gene quantitative analysis the yield results to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement for the mature period of winter wheat.The results of this pilot experiment were as followings:(1)The difference of spike differentiation between different varieties of winter wheat began to become larger gradually from the stage of flower formation.(2)The process of spike differentiation is the process of reducing the content of total sugar, fructose and sucrose. Before and after the formation of the drug, the ratio of fructose or sucrose content was a key indicator to determine spike differentiation. The smaller the ratio, the earlier the heading.(3)The higher the protein content of the varieties in the elongation stage, the faster the development process, the sooner the heading. From the single ridge stage to the formation stage of the root of the guard, the higher the root activity was, the more rapid the process of spike differentiation was.(4)Genes for promoting spike differentiation of Ningdong 11 in the spike differentiation process are VRT1,Hd1,FT3,FT(VRN3),SOC1. Hd1 and FT(VRN3) had significant positive correlation. VRT2 had inhibitory effect on the spike differentiation. VRT1 and VRT2 of Dongnong winter wheat No. 1 has had significant positive correlation in the process of spike differentiation. Hd1 and FT(VRN3), Hd1 and SOC1 also has significant positive correlation respectively. Hd1 and FT(VRN3) both have a very significant positive correlation in two varieties.(5)The longer the duration of spike differentiation of winter wheat, the yield of winter wheat had an increasing trend. |
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