| The experiment was conducted to study the effect of essential oil and benzoic acid on the growth performance and its mechanism in broilers. Total of 25601-day Ross 308 were divided into8 treatments in 2*2*2 design with two energy （+100kcal/kg）; BZn （0、40mg/kg） and CPP （0、300mg/kg）.Three phases feeding program were used in the study as follow:first （0-21d）, middle（22-35d）, finish （36-42d）. Results showed that:1) Growth performance:BZn supplementation in normal energy reduced the early FCR （P<0.01）; Reduced energy increased FCR. Both CPP and BZn supplementation reduced the FCR （P<0.01） with no difference between this group; no difference was observed on growth performance in this study. An interaction was observed between BZn and CPP supplementation on feed intake（P<0.01）.2)Nutrient digestibility:Adding BZn in normal energy at treatment one reduced digestibility of dry matter and amino acid （P< 0.01）, treatments improved protein digestibility （P<0.05）; At treatment one low-energy reduced the digestibility of dry matter and energy （P <0.01）, treatment6 CPP supplementation increased dry matter, protein, energy and amino acid digestibility （P<0.01）; An interaction was observed on the digestibility of dry matter and energy between CPP and energy （P<0.01）. Digestibility of dry matter and energy among energy, BZn and CPP had extremely significant interaction （P<0.01）, an interaction was also observed on the amino acid digestibility except methionine and lysine （P<0.05）.3) Digestive enzyme content:significant difference were observed on the chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase activity （P<0.01） with the addition of BZn, CPP in treatment one normal energy; Treatment seven improved the trypsin, lipase and chymotrypsin activity （P<0.01）; At treatment two low-energy reduced trypsin activity （P<0.01）; Treatment of 4,6,8 improved chicken trypsin, lipase and chymotrypsin activity （P<0.01） with significant difference among three groups. An interaction was observed on the digestive（except lipase at 21 day age） activity between energy and BZn （P<0.01 or P<0.05）; An interaction was observed on the digestive（except chymotrypsin at 21 day age） activity between energy and CPP, An interaction was observed on the Miprotease, lipase. and pancreatic amylase activity between BZn and CPP （P<0.01 or P<0.05）; An interaction was also observed on the early trypsin and pancreatic amylase activity, the mid chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase activity among Energy, BZn and CPP（P<0.01 or P<0.05）.4) Intestinal flora:in the first phase. Supplementation of BZn innormal energy at treatment 3 increased the cecum bifidobacterium content （P<0.01）, treatment5 reduced the ileum content of lactic acid bacteria （P<0.01）compared with treatment 1; in treatment two low-energy reduced the ileum lactobacillus levels （P<0.01）, no significant diference on the intestinal flora, add CPP ileum, cecum bifidobacterium content （P<0.01） with BZn Supplementation, treatment8 increased ileum lactobacillus and bifidobacterium content, cecum total bacteria content （P<0.01）; An interaction was observed on the ileum lactobacillus and bifidobacterium content among energy, BZn, CPP. Middle, supplementation of BZn, CPP, BZn+CPP in normal energy extremely significantly increased the cecum content of lactic acid bacteria （P<0.01）, Treatment BZn+CPP extremely significantly reduced bifidobacterium content （P<0.01）; Reduced energy increased content of lactic acid bacteria e. coli in ileum, cecum （P<0.01）, both CPP, BZn+ CPP supplementation reduced e. coli ileum, cecum bifidobacterium content, and increased the ileum bifidobacterium content （P <0.01）, An increased ileum bifidobacterium content was observed with BZn supplementation （P<0.01）; no difference was observed on the intestinal flora （with the exception of bifidobacterium with CPP, BZn, BZn supplementation in different energy significant interaction was observed on the ileum bifidobacterium between energy and BZn, An interaction on the e. coli in the ileum content were observed in energy and CPP, interaction was also observed on the cecum, bifidobacterium content between BZn and CPP in cecum content of lactic acid bacteria （P<0.01, P<0.05）, Cecum content of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were synergisticly interacted among energy, BZn, CPP （P<0.05）.5） immune performance:The treatment content of IgM and IgG, IL-2,1L-4, IL-6, TNF alpha have extremely significant difference at 21,35d age（P<0.01）. Low-energy reduced IgM. IL-2,1L-4,TNF and increased concentration of IgG, the medium-term IgA, IL-6, IL-4 concentrations （P<0.01）; on 21d, Addition of BZn had significantly affected chicken concentration of IgG, IL-4, IL-6, TNF alpha in serum （P<0.01）. higher medium-term IgM. IgG, IL-6/TNF alpha and lower 1L-2, IL-4 （P<0.01） was observed with BZn supplementation; CPP supplementation did not affect the serum concentrations of IgA, but extremely increased the concentration of IgM, IL-6, reduced IgG, IL-2, IL-4, concentration of TNF alpha, and reduced IgA, IgM and IgG in serum IL-4, IL-6, concentration of TNF alpha at 35d（P<0.01）; Between energy and BZn, an interaction was observed on the IgG, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 concentration （P< 0.01）, IgM,TNF alpha （P< 0.01）; significant interaction was observed on the serum concentration of IgM and IgG, IL-2,4,6, TNF alpha between energy and CPP（.P< 0.05 or P< 0.01）, which same apply to the serum concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG.IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF alpha between BZn and CPP（P<0.01）.on the early stage, no interaction was observed on the serum IgA concentration but significant interaction among energy, BZn and CPP （P<0.01 or P<0.05）.6) The body’s antioxidant levels:There were no significant difference on the TAOC,MDA content and SOD,GSH-Px activity （P>0.05） at treatment3,4; treatment6 improved SOD activity at 35d （P<0.05） with and no difference on the TAOC,MDA content and GSH-Px activity compared with treatment2. Addition of CPP in treatment two low-energy improved GSH-Px activity at 21d（P<0.05）, SOD activity at 35d（P<0.05）. Digestibility of dry matter and energy between and among energy BZn and CPP had extremely significant interaction （P< 0.05）. an interaction was observed on the SOD activity （P=0.01）, while all factors have interaction on the serum TAOC, SOD, gsh-px activity and MDA content （P> 0.05）.7)fatty acid composition:21d, Chicken chest C14:0,C18:3 and C22:4 content had no significant effect（P>0.05）, but for C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 content has a significant effect （P<0.01）; for the C:14:0,C18:1,C18:3 and C22:4 content in the leg muscles had no significant effect （P> 0.05）, but for C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:2 content has a significant effect in the treatments （P<0.01）. Supplementation of BZn in energy reduced chest muscle content of linoleic acid acid （P<0.05）.addition of CPP increased the content of linoleic acid or oleic acid （P<0.01）, and reduced Myristic acid content（P<0.01）. interaction was observed on the content of C18:0,C18:2 at chest and C18:3 in the leg between energy and BZn, interaction was observed on the content of C16:0,C18:2 at chest between energy and CPP, interaction was also observed on the content of C16:1,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2 at chest and C18:2.C18:3 at leg between BZn and CPP. interaction was also observed on the content of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 at chest and C16:0,C16:1 at leg among energy BZn and CPP.35d, Chicken chest C14:0,C18:3 and C22:4 content had no significant effect （P> 0.05）, but for C16:0,016:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 content has a significant effect CP< 0.01,P><0.05); for the C:14:0, C18:3 and C22:4 content in the leg muscles had no significant effect （P>0.05）, but for C 16:0, C16:1, C 18:0, C 18:1,C 18:2 content has a significant effect in the treatments （P< 0.01）.Supplementation of BZn in energy increased chest and leg muscle content of C 16:0. reduced the content of C18:2and C18:3（P<0.05）.addition of CPP had significant affect the Fatty acids （except C14:0）（P<0.05, P<0.01）. In the first phase or mid, an significant interaction was observed on the C 18:0、C14:0, C18:1、C 18:2 of chest and leg muscle among energy BZn and CPP （P<0.05）.Conclusion:One, Fodder energy levels from 1-21d2950kcal/kg,22-35d 3020 kcal/kg and 36-42d3050kcal/kg to the lower 100kcal/kg, chicken body weight at 21d, body weight gain in 1-21d and36-42d had slightly lower, but the difference was not significant; But significantly increased feed intake in 1-21d, FCR1-21d and 1-42d. Two, supplementation of 40mg/kg BZn in the energy and low-energy had a tendency improved body weight gain, feed intake in broilers, significantly reduced FCR in 1-21d. supplementation of 300mg/kg CPP had no effected body weight at 21d, body weight gain in 1-21d, but significantly increased feed intake in 1-21d, body weight in 36-42d, FCR in 1-21d, significantly reduced 22-35d body weight gain, feed intake in 22-35d and 36-42d, FCR in 36-42d and 1-42d. No difference was observed between CPP and energy show the same trend of effect in the two kinds of feed. At the same time supplementation BZn+CPP can alleviate the CPP reduced in feed intake in the role. Supplementation BZn+CPP in the normal energy of chicken 1-42d had no significant effect in FCR, however, Supplementation BZn+CPP in the low energy reduced FCR.Three. Supplementation CPP300mg/kg to the lowed 100 kcal/kg energy feed instead of or in connection with BZn, that can reach normal energy fodder production performance of broilers had no differently between those and the normal energy. Four,. Mechanism of action at CPP is the Relationship with promoting digestive rate of nutrients, improve the activity of digestive enzymes, improve intestinal flora, oxidation resistance and increase the role of the unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle. |
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