Effects Of Selenium Deficiency On The PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway In The Chicks Spleen

Selenium is a necessary trace elements for growth and development in the animal body. Selenium deficiency may cause disease in young animals such as chicks, make the body’s immune function declined. Selenium deficiency may cause the chicks spleen dysplasia, decreading the spleen lymphocytes and inhibit the spleen cell proliferation but its mechanism is unclear. PI3K/AKT/m TOR signalling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway in the animal body, mainly play an important role in promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. In this study we established selenium deficiency chicks model and focused on the influence of selenium deficiency on the PI3K/AKT/m TOR signalling pathway in the chicks spleen and provide evidence for revealing the influence of selenium deficiency of chicks immune function.We randomly devided 160 one day old chicks into control and test two groups and separately fed them with complete feed and selenium deficiency feed, the trial period was 35 days. We random collected samples on 7d, 21 d, 35 d. The chicks were isolated from the spleen under aseptic condition. Selenium deficiency model were build up, discussed the effect of selenium deficiency using the changes of the chicks spleen coefficient as evaluation indexex. Discussed the effect of selenium deficiency using the changes of morphological structure and amount of spleen lymphocytes by HE staining as evaluation indexex. Discussed the effect of selenium deficiency on protein level using the changes of PI3K、AKT、p AKT、m TOR、P70S6K and p-P70S6 K by Western blot and the changes of PI3 K and m TOR by immunohistochemical staining.The results showed that:(1) The spleen weight in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 21d(p<0.01). The spleen weight and spleen coefficient in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 35d(p<0.01).(2) The amount of spleen lymphocytes in the test group significantly decreased on 21d(p<0.05) and extremely significantly decreased on 35d(p<0.01). There was no significantly pathological change of spleen in the test group of 7d. The spleen lymphocytes decreased and loosely arranged, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue in the test group of 21 and 35 days.(3) Western blot results showed that: The protein level of PI3K、p-AKT、m TOR and p-P70S6 K in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 21d(p<0.01). The protein level of PI3 K in the test group significantly decreased on 35d(p<0.05). The protein level of p-AKT、m TOR and p-P70S6 K in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 35d(p<0.01).(4) Immunohistochemical results showed that: The positive rate of the protein expression of m TOR in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 21d(p<0.01). The positive rate of the protein expression of PI3 K and m TOR in the test group extremely significantly decreased on 35d(p<0.01).In conclusion, selenium deficiency can lead to the spleen coefficient and the spleen lymphocytes decreased, and then lead to the body’s immune function of chicks decreased. Selenium dificiency can inhibit the development of spleen and the spleen lymphocytes proliferation by reducing the activity of PI3K/AKT/m TOR signalling pathway in chicks spleen.