Farmland Soil Research Base On Village Landscape

The waste of soil as well as food crisis is getting worse at present. Soil quality is the ability thm2t maintain production, ensure the environment within the ecosystem interface quality, promote animal and human health, is the base of farmland soil as natural resources and means of agricultural production, as well as is an important guarantee of production capacity, including fertility quality, environmental quality and health quality, etc. Farmland quality directly affect the ability of grain production and food security. Therefore, it is important to carry out farmland soil quality analysis and evaluation, putting forward the soil quality improvement countermeasures for promoting sustainable utilization of agricultural land.This article took the evaluation of soil comprehensive quality of Chong Yi village in Du Jiangyan. Collecting soil samples in study area using GPS, the spatial database was established. Some soil properties including, available P, available K, available N, soil organic matter, pH value, and total N, are selected as indicators to evaluate the soil fertility. Some soil properties including, As, Hg, Cd, Zn and Cu, are selected as indicators to evaluate the soil environment quality. And i use the method of SQI to evaluate soil comprehension quality by jointing soil fertility quality and soil environment quality. The research conclusions are as following:(1)Statistical analysis was carried out that the soil pH average value in the study area is weak acid. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available N and available P content is rich, rapidly-available K is relatively lack, but compared with the second soil census, in 1982, five kinds of soil nutrients are increased; Coefficient of variation is available P> rapidly-available K> total nitrogen> available nitrogen> organic matter. Overlaying soil nutrient distribution to land utilization present situation, we can get the soil fertility distribution trend. The soil organic matter, available nitrogen and total nitrogen content specific distribution is paddy field> dry land,> vegetable field> orchard. available P and available K distribution trend is orchard> dry land> paddy field> farmland.(2) Selecting the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available P and available K in soil fertility evaluation factor, as evaluation method, using fuzzy membership degree model to evaluate the quality of soil fertility. There is no level 1 area, the secondary soil fertility index is between 0.6-07,14.59hm2,4.31% of the total area of the study area, mainly in the northern edge and south edge of the study area as block distribution, Level 3 of soil fertility index is between 0.5 to 0.6,121.25hm2,35.81% of the total area of the study area, mainly in the north of the study area, level 4 is the largest in the study area,199.20hm2, accounting for 58.83% of the total area, mainly concentrated in central of study area, land area of level 5 is small, only 0.36hm2, at the east edge of the study area central. Overall fertility in the study area is general, but soil grade distribution is concentrated, and level 5 area is small, so we can improve the soil fertility in the future easily.(3) The statistical analysis of soil heavy metals in the study area is:mercury content in soil samples was on average of 0.27 mg/kg. cadmium content in soil samples was on average of 0.26 mg/kg, zinc content in soil samples was on average of 128.95 mg/kg, arsenic content in soil samples was on average of 7.37 mg/kg, copper content in soil samples was on average of 31.73 mg/kg. Heavy metals content in soil in the study area all had different degrees of enrichment trend and pollution. The lowest degree of enrichment in soil were arsenic and copper,5 kinds of heavy metal in soil enrichment degree sorting for:Cd> Hg> Zn> As= Cu. By the variation coefficient of soil heavy metals, the sorting for:As> Hg> Cd> Cu> zinc. Soil heavy metal distribution chm2rt and land utilization present situation chm2rt were to overlay. The result shows thm2t arsenic, cadmium and copper content in soil of orchards and vegetable content are greater than the paddy field and dry land. However, lead content in the soil is greater than the orchards and vegetable plots in the paddy field and dry land.(4) Choosing single pollution index method and inside comprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the 6 kinds of soil heavy metal pollution in the studied area. The comprehensive pollution index the minimum value is 1.21, the maximum value of 2.15, with a mean of 1.43. The average was in the moderate pollution state. There was no sample point in a clean state or cleaner state. The most sample points were in a moderate pollution. The result shows that most of the study area was heavy metals pollution by man-made.(5) The study using Zhang Wangshou’s soil quality comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the soil quality by concerning the soil fertility and soil heavy metal content in the study area. There is no level 1 and 5 area in the study area. The study area is mainly level three and four, The level three soil area is 185.93hm2, accounting for 54.91% of the total area of the study area, mainly distributed in the central region in the study area. There is two main road in the middle of study area, and the town and village is relatively concentrated in this area, that means people’s daily life as well as automobile exhm2ust emissions are certain influence on soil comprehensive quality; Level 4 of soil area is 145.97hm2, accounting for 43.11% of the total area of the study area, mainly in the south of central and north part in the study area. The secondary ground soil area is small, only 6.70hm2, mainly distributed in the southwest corner of the study area.