The Research Of The Feed For Penaeus Monodon With Additive Supplement Of Macroalgae(Laminaria Japonica,Undaria Pinnatifida And Gracilaria Lemaneiformis)

1. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary wakame on growth performance and immunity of Penaeus monodon。Seven formulated diets with seven different levels (0%,1%,2%,3%,4%,5%,6%) of wakame were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile P.monodon (mean initial weight 0.69±0.03 g) for 56 days. After the 56-day trial, results showed that weight gain(WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were firstly increased and then decreased with increasing dietary wakame levels, the maximum values of WG and SGR were found in 2% wakame diet treatment and showed significant differences with other diet treatments(P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was firstly decreased and then increased with increasing dietary wakame levels(P<0.05), the minimum value of FCR was 1.13 when the dietary wakame level was 2%. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein retention (PR) were also firstly increased and then decreased with increasing dietary wakame levels, the maximum values of PER and PR were found in 2% wakame diet treatment and showed significant differences with other diet treatments(P<0.05). Whole body protein content of shrimp from 3% wakame diet treatment was significantly higher than that of shrimp from 0% and 1% wakame diet treatments(P<0.05)but without significant difference with other diet treatments(P>0.05). The diets containing 3% and 4% wakame showed the higher values of body lipid contents and significantly different from that of shrimp fed the other diets(P<0.05). No significant difference was found in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) among all diet treatments(P>0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of shrimp from 0% wakame diet treatment was significantly lower than that of shrimp from 6% wakame diet treatment(P<0.05)but without significant difference with other diet treatments(P>0.05). The glutathione (GSH) content. and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of shrimp were firstly increased and then decreased with increasing dietary wakame levels, the maximum values of GSH content and GSH-Px activity were found in 2% wakame diet treatment. The diets containing 1% wakame showed the higher values of fold higher and significantly different from that of shrimp fed the other diets(P<0.05). Fold width of intestine from 3% wakame diet treatment was significantly wider than that of shrimp from2% and 3% wakame diet treatments (P<0.05)but without significant difference with other diet treatments (P>0.05).Second-degree polynomial regression of WG and protein retention indicated that the optimum supplement of dietary wakame should be between 2.17% and 2.87%.2. In this trial, Laminaria japonica in 7 different additive levels (0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、 5%、6%) were used in order to explore the optimal content of L. japonica in the feed of Penaeus monodon larvae.For each kind of feed in different nitrogen levels, P. monodon larvae weighted 1.65 g initially were used in four parallels. After 60 days growth trial, it showed that the survival rate of P. monodon ranged from 61% to 81% and highest in the group of 1% which showed a significant difference with the groups of 3% and 4%(P<0.05). The final average weight, weight gain and Specific growth rate reached highest in the 2% group and showed significant difference with all the other groups. Bio-weight gain reached highest in 2% group, which showed no significant difference with 1% group(P>0.05), however, it showed significant difference with all the other groups.FCR was the lowest in 2% add asparagus, but with no significant differences between the groups(P>0.05).Following with the increasing of the addition amount of L. japonica, the water content, ash content, fat content and protein content of the total body showed significant difference in all groups(P<0.05)There was no significant difference among each group in the water content of muscle, however, opposite results were reflected in fat content, protein content and ash content of the muscle. The growth performance (FBW, WG, BG, SGR) of P. monodon went up with the increasing additive amount of L. japonica from 0% to 2%, nevertheless, further additive amount of L. japonica which more than 2%(from 3% to 6%) showed no effect to the growth of P. monodon.The results of survival rate showed that the additive amount of L. japonica should be between 0% to 2% and considering the growth and survival of P. monodon, the actually amount could between 1% to 2%. Second-degree polynomial regression of WG and SRE that the optimum supplement of dietary Laminaria japonica should be 2.8%.3. In this trial, Gracilaria lemaneiformis in 7 different additive levels (0%、1%、2%、3%、 4%、5%、6%) with the same nitrogen and energy level were used in order to explore the optimal content of G. lemaneiformis in the feed of Penaeus monodon. For each kind of feed in different nitrogen levels, P. monodon larvae weighted 1.65 g initially were used in three parallels.After 60 days growth trial, it showed that the survival rate of P. monodon ranged from 58% to 74% and highest in the 1% group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups with feed in 2% and 3% nitrogen level (P<0.05). The weight gain rate was highest in 3% group, which is 340% to the initial weight, nevertheless,0% group is lowest, which is 258%. Therefore,3% group is 82% higher than 0% group, which showed no significant difference with the group of 2% and 4%(P>0.05).FCR was the lowest in 3% add asparagus, but with no significant differences between the groups(P>0.05).Following with the increasing of the addition amount of G. lemaneiformis, the fat content in total body of P. monodon reached the peak in the group of 4% and 5%, which showed significant difference with all the other groups(P<0.05).There were no significant difference in water content, protein content and ash content among all groups(P>0.05).The fat content in the muscle of G. lemaneiformis was highest in the group of 1% which showed significant difference with all the other groups(P<0.05).The protein content in the muscle of G. lemaneiformis was highest in the group of 6% which only showed showed significant difference with the group of 0%(P<0.05), however, it showed no significant difference with all the other groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference among each group in the water content and ash content of the muscle in G. lemaneiformis(P>0.05).The growth performance (FBW, WG, BG, SGR) of P. monodon was the best in the group of 2% to 4%. The survival rate reached highest in 1% group and lowest in 2% and 3% group, which might base on the abnormal reason that cause the death of P. monodon. Considering the growth and survival of P. monodon, the addition amount of G. lemaneiformis powder in the feed should be lower than 4% totally.Second-degree polynomial regression of WG and SRE that the optimum supplement of dietary G. lemaneiformis should be 3.1%.