Applied Research Of Bamboo Vinegar Feed Additive In Broiler Chickens

Bamboo vinegar has the function of antibacterial, deodorant, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, promoting intestinal development and improving livestock products’ quality. Bamboo vinegar has shown broad prospects in many areas, such as agricultural, medicine, health care and environmental hygiene. Researches have shown that dietary bamboo vinegar can promote the development of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, improve production performance and barn odor, but the mechanism is unclear. In this research we added different proportions of bamboo vinegar in the broiler diet to study its effects on animal production, and find an appropriate dosage, then study whether the addition of appropriate dosage can replace aureomycin. To further investigate the mechanism of promoting the growth of bamboo vinegar, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied for making immunological stress model, analyzing whether bamboo vinegar can improve immune stress broilers to improve production performance. These studies will provide a scientific basis for bamboo vinegar using as feed additives.1. Effects of bamboo vinegar on broiler performance, physiological indicators and fecal ammoniaThis study aims to test diets supplemented with different levels of bamboo vinegar affect the development, physiological indicators and ammonia contents in the feces of broiler.192 one-day-old AA broilers (half male and half female) were randomly divided into four treatment groups, in each treatment group on the basis of the basal diet supplemented with 0%,0.5%,1% and 2% bamboo vinegar respectively. Experimental period is 42-day. The results showed a significant difference (P< 0.05) between the control group and bamboo vinegar groups from 0 to 3 weeks in body weight gain (BWG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) and from 0 to 6 weeks in body weight gain (BWG); No significant differences in immune organ index among groups; Adding bamboo vinegar can increase serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) levels, decreased serum albumin (ALB) content and amylase (AMS) activity (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01); Digestive tract and chyme pH value were decreased accompanied with the amount of bamboo vinegar; Dietary bamboo vinegar can increase intestinal chyme amylase (AMS), trypsin and chymotrypsin activity, but the lipase activity was decreased with the increases of bamboo vinegar, chymotrypsin activity in BV 0.5% and BV1% groups were significantly higher than control group (P< 0.001), AMS activity in BV1% group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05); Pectoral pH45min in BV0.5% group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P< 0.05); After adding bamboo vinegar, pectoral brightness (L) decreased, redness (a) was increased; Dietary bamboo vinegar can decrease fecal ammonia generation. The results showed that dietary bamboo vinegar can improve broiler performance, serum biochemical parameters, gastrointestinal pH, intestinal chyme digestive enzyme activity and flesh color. Furthermore dietary bamboo vinegar can decrease fecal ammonia generation, Improve the farming environment..2. Antibacterial effect comparison between bamboo vinegar and four feed antibiotics and research on the effect of bamboo vinegar substitute aureomycin in broiler dietsEarly studies showed that diets supplemented with 1% bamboo vinegar can effectively improve broiler performance, reduce manure ammonia content, so this research will study whether 1% bamboo vinegar can substitute aureomycin, and the best replacement ratio. In vitro test, bamboo vinegar was measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth culture, and compared antibacterial effect between bamboo vinegar and four commonly used feed antibiotics. In vivo test,240 one-day-old AA broilers (half male and female) were randomly divided into five treatment groups, the experiment last for 42 days. The control group was added 25 mg/kg aureomycin in basal diet,other group was added 7.5 mg/kg,12.5 mg/kg,17.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg in basal diet as well as 1% bamboo vinegar. In vitro tests showed that bamboo vinegar has significant antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which MIC of 3.12%～6.25%, and the bamboo vinegar bactericidal effect is better than the other four feed antibiotics. Vivo test results showed that there is no significant change in 21d broiler performance, but the groups added 1% bamboo vinegar have greater BWG.However,1% BV+7.5 mg/kg aureomycin has a significant increase in BWG in 42d (P<0.05), the groups added 1% bamboo vinegar have lower F/G (P> 0.05).1% BV +17.5 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group’s thymus index and 1% BV+7.5 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group’s spleen index was significantly higher than other treatment groups (P< 0.05); There are different levels of changes about serum biochemical indicators; No significant differences in gastrointestinal pH values between among all treatment groups (P< 0.05), but the groups added 1% bamboo vinegar have greater pH value in gizzard and lower pH value in glandular stomach and small intestine chime (P> 0.05); There are some differences about digestive enzyme activity in small intestine chyme in each group (P> 0.05); NO significant difference in muscle pH value, the groups added 1% bamboo vinegar have a higher redness (a), and 1% BV+12.5 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group’s redness is significantly higher than 25 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group (P< 0.05); Furthermore, compared with 25 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group, other group except 1% BV+17.5 mg/kg aureomycin-treated group has a significant decrease in fecal ammonia levels (P< 0.01); The results suggest that diets supplemented with 1% bamboo vinegar can be an effective alternative to aureomycin,and alternative 17.5 mg/kg aureomycin is better.3. Effect of dietary bamboo vinegar on production performance on immunological stress broilerBased on the results of the previous section of the study, we inverstigate the effect of 1% dietary bamboo vinegar and immunological stress mimicked by LPS intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mg/Kg BW) on immune response in broiler chickens.2X2 factorial arrangement was used in this study.601-d-old AA broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups and were fed with control diet or 1% bamboo vinegar diet. Every treatment had 3 replicates with 5 chickens. Broiler chickens fed with each diet were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of LPS or the same amount of a saline.at the age of 16,18 and 20 day. The experimental period last for 21d. Results showed that:LPS stimulation significantly reduces the performance of broiler chicks(P< 0.05), bamboo vinegar has a role in mitigation for this stimulation, Besides diet bamboo vinegar and LPS injection on broiler feed conversion ratio (F/G) have the interaction (P< 0.01). LPS injection significantly increased the spleen index (P< 0.01), and diet bamboo vinegar and LPS injection on thymus and spleen index have the interaction (P< 0.01); After adding bamboo vinegar diet serum total protein and globulin was significantly increased (P< 0.05), while intraperitoneal injection of LPS and diet bamboo vinegar on the content of serum total protein, albumin and globulin have on significant effect on interaction (P> 0.05). These results suggest that intraperitoneal injection LPS induced immunological stress, and diet bamboo vinegar may alleviate this adverse reaction, maintained broiler weight.As stated above, the conclusions are as follows:(1) Dietary bamboo vinegar can improve broiler growth performance, and reduce fecal ammonia.(2) Among three bamboo vinegar treated group,the level of 1% bamboo vinegar had the best effect.(3) Bamboo vinegar has significant antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which MIC of 3.12%～6.25%, and the bamboo vinegar bactericidal effect is better than the other four feed antibiotics.(4) Diets supplemented with 1% bamboo vinegar can be an effective alternative to aureomycin,and alternative 17.5 mg/kg aureomycin is better.(5) Bamboo vinegar has a role in mitigation about immunological stress induced by LPS.