Research On Carbon Emission Structural Characteristics And Affecting Factors Of Rice Production In Jiangsu Province

In recent years, climate change makes the deteriorating living conditions of humanity and it is a serious threat to the ecological environment and sustainable development of human society that causes widespread concern in the international community. However, agricultural production couples with climate change significantly. Greenhouse gases generated by agricultural production make global warming and global warming in turn affect agricultural production, bringing great uncertainty for agricultural production. For my country, agricultural production is in relying on a large number of inputs such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, plastic sheeting, machine operations and other ways to increase the yield of the development process. In the "chemistry+mechanization= agricultural modernization" model, agriculture has become an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. Jiangsu is one of the largest provinces in rice production. The acreage and total production of rice ranks fifth in the country. Different from dry land crops, rice growth lets out CH4 in addition to emissions of CO2, N2O and other greenhouse gases. So that greenhouse gases produced by rice production are more than other crops. Therefore, the study of the structure and influencing factors of carbon emissions in rice production in Jiangsu Province makes sense in theory, but also in practice provides guidance for agricultural energy conservation and emission reduction in Jiangsu Province.The overall objective of this paper is discussing the main influence factors of carbon emissions in rice production based on farmers’ production input and scale. Around this goal, firstly, the author form planting production carbon emissions boundary defined, calculation methods and parameters selected to constructing the research framework of carbon emissions in agricultural production and analyses the structure and timing characteristics of planting production carbon emissions based on macroeconomic data. Secondly, based on farmer field research of rice production in Jiangsu Province researches the number and structure of carbon emissions in rice production according to the input-output and life cycle method. At last, this paper analyses economics essence of agricultural production carbon emissions and summarizes the impact mechanism of rice planting scale to production of carbon emissions and further uses econometric model to empirical analyzing the factors of carbon emissions in rice production. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) In terms of overall carbon emissions from crop production, the mean value of the total planting carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2012 is 1857.30104tCe and the average annual growth rate is 0.44%.CH4 emissions from rice cultivation are accounted for a larger proportion of total carbon emissions. The proportion of fertilizer, irrigation, diesel, plastic sheeting, pesticides sharing of total carbon emissions are in order to reduce, respectively, 62.07%,22.87%,7.33%,4.24%,3.50%.(2) On the carbon emissions structural characteristics of rice production in Jiangsu Province, the carbon emission of 1kg of rice of farmers production was estimated to be 0.6422KgCe, from the perspective of rice structural characteristics of carbon emission, methane emission of rice production accounts for a large proportion including agricultural energy sources (coal, diesel, electricity) and industrial inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) of the full life cycle carbon emissions were a significant source of greenhouse gases.(3) Comparing the regional of rice major sources, the main source of carbon emissions are significantly different for each region of Jiangsu Province. In terms of fertilizer, the highest carbon emissions is Subei, followed by Suzhong, Sunan least, the performance of carbon emissions from north to south is from more to less tendency. In terms of mechanical diesel, carbon emissions in Subei is at least, followed by Suzhong, Sunan most, the law of carbon emissions from north to south is presenting from less to more. (4) In terms of the factors affecting carbon costs of rice production in Jiangsu Province, the increase in the number of family labor does not reduce the carbon costs of rice production, the scale of cultivation displayed a significantly negative with carbon cost, and the regional differences of economies of scale were significant.In response to these conclusions, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations:(1) The Government should suit measures to local conditions of advance rural land circulation, advocates farmers expanded planting scale for moderate scale planting, reduces agricultural production carbon emissions of agricultural production; (2) The Government should strengthen the construction of social service organizations, actively supports the professional development of agricultural cooperative organizations, regulates agricultural production, guides farmers gradually shifting from the traditional mode of production of high-carbon to low-carbon production methods of modern agriculture; (3) the Government should strengthen the farmers’ knowledge popularization of low-carbon agriculture and low-carbon agricultural technology operations guidance to improve the quality of labor and should increase support efforts of agricultural policy to improve farming income, attract rural young labor force reflux, train new farmers.