Studies On Nutrient Expert Recommended Fertilization Of Wheat And Maize In Different Fluvo-aquic Soil Texture

In order to realize the scientific fertilization of winter wheat and summer maize, field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nutrient expert and Agro Services International Inc (ASI) for maize recommend fertilization on yield, economic benefit, nutrient accumulation, fertilizer use efficiency and soil available nutrients of winter wheat and summer maize. Then we discussed the application of nutrient expert recommended fertilization of winter wheat and summer maize in different fluvo-aquic soil texture. The aim is to supply the evidence for scientific fertilizer of winter wheat and summer maize. The main results were as follows:1. The yield and income were significantly increased with NPK fertilizer match application on winter wheat and summer maize in different fluvo-aquic soil texture. The yield of winter wheat with nutrient expert recommended fertilization increased 10.60%,10.93% and 1.54% respectively, the income increased 13.81%,13.67% and 1.82% respectively; The yield of summer maize increased 8.10%,3.34% and 4.28% respectively, the income is increase 8.81%,4.47% and 5.90% compared to the farmers’ conventional fertilizer application; The yield of winter wheat-summer maize rotation increased 9.08%,6.62% and 3.34% respectively, the income increased 10.68%,8.87% and 4.40% respectively. Compared with the farmers’ conventional fertilizer application, nutrient expert recommended fertilization of wheat and maize is good to increase the yield and income, especially on the Sandy loam and middle loam.2. Increasing rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on winter wheat recommended by nutrient expert system were 21.87%-28.21%,6.52%-25.18% and 3.96%-31.19%;On summer maize were 15.51%-16.08%,7.36%-12.56% and 6.95%-12.46%; Increasing rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on of winter wheat-summer maize rotation were 19.78%-18.25%,7.34%-17.42% and 5.17%-20.24%. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in middle loam have the better effect on increasing yield.3. The utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium recommended by nutrient expert system in winter wheat were 32.95%-48.80%、14.02%-20.84% and 50.39%-58.14%, respectively, and the agricultural efficiency were 7.72-10.60 kg·kg-1, 5.13-17.84 kg·kg-1 and 3.93-22.36 kg·kg-1, respectively. While utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize were 24.46%-32.26%.. 10.23%-16.10% and 42.09%-45.64%, respectively; and agricultural efficiency were 7.36-8.88 kg·kg-1,10.56-17.24 kg·kg-1 and 13.70-14.66 kg·kg-1, respectively. In a crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 28.42%-35.66%,13.68%-16.10% and 44.80%-49.46%, respectively, and the agricultural efficiency were 7.78-9.41 kg·kg-1, 8.32-18.73 kg·kg-1 and 6.23-20.18 kg·kg-1, respectively. The highest fertilizer utilization efficiency was observed in the middle loam.4. The soil nitrogen accumulation in sandy loam soil, middle loam and sticky soil were 201.21,308.49 and 244.88 kg·hm-2, respectively. The surplus amounts of soils phosphorus and potassium in sandy loam were 48.20 and 434.81 kg·hm-2, respectively, through a crop rotation, and the surplus of these in middle loam and sticky soil were 25.09 and 544.19 kg·hm-2,25.09 and 544.19 kg·hm-2, respectively. Nutrient expert system recommend fertilization could increase the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and thus help to keep a balance of the soil nutrient.5. Nutrient expert system recommended fertilization has optimized NPK, improved the summer maize leaf nitrate reductase activity as well as the glutamine synthetase activity, increased chlorophyll content, also promoted the absorption and use of winter wheat and summer maize on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is also conducive to the material synthesis and accumulation, increases the winter wheat, maize yield and income. Nutrient expert recommended fertilization of wheat and maize can be popularize and applicated in different fluvo-aquic soil texture under the condition of wheat and maize straw returning full amount.