| Soybeans are the main source of vegetable oil and protein for humans.Current is given priority to with soy food processing and oil processing industry development is rapid, deep processing of products increasing.Soybean demand is growing rapidly. But in China the soybean yield is low, the relatively economic benefit is poor,a large number of farmers give up planting soybean instead of planting other high-efficiency such as corn and other crops.Acreage in successive reducts caused the domestic soybean production presents the downward trend year by year, can not meet the demand of domestic soybean consumption.Cause of excessive dependence on soybean imports this serious threat to the survival and development of soybean industry in China.Associated with soybean yield traits are a lot, flower and pod abscission trait is one of the major limiting factors in soybean production.In agricultural production, which occurred soybean flower and pod drop phenomenon is very common and serious. The abscission rate is often up to 40%-60%, even by more than 70%, caused serious damage to soybean production.Production practice has proved that chooses scientific planting mode can improve the ratio of soybean flowers and pod abscission, but remains limited.Therefore the use of molecular biology technology, explore the molecular mechanism of soybean flowers fall off, get flowerand pod abscission rate is low by molecular assisted breeding of high quality soybean, has the vital significance to improve the soybean production. Soybean flowers and pod abscission is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, the genetic basis of complex and phenotypic selection difficult.Therefore, this study choose molecular marker technology. A F2 populationas experiment material was derived from the cross between the soybean varieties Jiyu 73 and Tiejiasilihuang, whichaccording to the field experimental results choose significant difference flowerand pod abscission, to construction soybean molecular genetic map, using multi-QTL model of soybean flower and podabscission related traits and some important agronomic traits are QTL mapping.The main results are as follows:1. Based on SSR markers, PSI markers as a supplement.From 1015 SSRand 207 PSI markers screen the polymorphic markers used in molecular genetic map construction. To build a molecular genetic mapwhich can corresponding with public map 20 chromosomes and the order of the SSR markers consistent and distance approximate. The map includes 151 markers(138 SSR markers, 13 PSI markers), covering the soybean genome lngth is 1351.5c M, the average distance between markers of 11.5 c M.2. Mappingtwo flower and pod abscission rate QTLs, located in LG26(GM16) linkage group, two QTLs genetic variation can be explained 10.9% and 9.7% respectively.3. Mapping other important agronomic traits QTL, a total of33 to locate QTLs, distributed in the LG3(GM2), LG4(GM2), LG5(GM3), LG7(GM4) and other 14 linkage groups.Including sixthe total number of flower and pod QTLs, can explain 8.9%- 18.1% of the genetic variation;five pods number per plant QTLs, can explain 8.8%- 15.9% of the genetic variation; three pods number on main stem QTLs, can explain 8.8%- 11.2% of the genetic variation; four pods number on branch QTLs, can explain 11.2%- 26.1% of the genetic variation; four nodes number on main stem QTLs, can explain 8.8%- 14.8% of the genetic variation; two pods number per node QTLs, can explain 11.5% and 11.0% of the genetic variation respectively;a above ground biomass QTL, can explain9.5% of the genetic variation; a seeds number per plant QTL, can explain10.1% of the genetic variation; three seeds per pod QTLs, can explain 9.1%- 10.7% of the genetic variation;four seed weight per plant QTLs, can explain 8.9%- 19.2% of the genetic variation.The results obtained in this study will be useful for the further fine mapping, gene cloning and marker assisted selection of these traits. |
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