Study On The Growth And Photosynthetic Response Of Echium Vulgare Induced By Colchicine

Echium vulgare is an annual herb plant which belongs to Angiosperm, Dicotyledoneae,Sympetalous, Tubiflorae, Boraginineae, Echium. Because of the seeds of Echium vulgare is rich in a large number of Omega3 fat acid, a-linolenic acid, gamma linolenic acid, and other important fatty acids and it plays an important role in humanbeings’ health and care. Echium vulgare were introduced domesticated cultivation in China. Druing the domestication and cultivation that riched in nectar volume value of nectar plants and has a long flowering period, bright colors, high ornamental value in lush flower shape while it has highly ornamental,through the cultivation will become wonderful in gardening flowers. At present, research on this new high-value plant remains in high yield and high oil, the plants are too high to lodging or broken phenomenon that the need for improved varieties become important to improve the ornamental.The use of colchicine for chromosome characteristics induced change the plant cell agents that select the needing for suitable landscape and new varieties of inherited stably for Echium vulgare reach the purpose of breeding.This experiment adopts colchicine for inducing agents, consistent with full Echium vulgare for test materials. Impregnation method uses seed germination with different concentrations of colchicine(0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%), treatment time(12h,24 h,36h) and control(CK) for comparison. After observing the germination rate of seed treatment, germination potential, growth of the roots and leaves to determine the optimal concentration and treatment time to seed mutagenesis. Field experiments were measured after treatment blue thistle growing agronomic traits, physiological and biochemical indexes of photosynthetic physiology further systematic research on the extent of colchicine Echium vulgare mutagenesis, and finally the role of screening as an ornamental Echium vulgare species showed that:1. In the induction of the seeds test, the germination rate of control treatment(CK) was 97%, germination potential was 91%. The figures were higher than all colchicine treatments which Treatment 16(0.6%,36h) was the weakest, the data of 16 were 45.33% of the germination rate, 41.33% of the germination potential. When the higher the concentration, the worse the effect of germination was; When concentrations coincide, the longer the soaking time was, the weaker the germination effects became. The figures of processing control treatment(CK) wae up to 9.03 cm of the leaf length. The figures of the handling 16(0.6%, 36h) was 4.1cm, Compared with the control treatment(CK) which was less than 54% in leaf length. Observated through the microscope, we found that induced seedlings were chromosome doubled with 32 chromosomes, and leaf epidermis stoma increased significantly. In the aspect of morphology: each processing forms compared with control treatment(CK) as follows: root enlargement, uneven leaf surface, rough generous blade, weak differentiation capacity and growth retardation, leaves became dark green, leaf shape distortion of individual treatment. Therefore, both high concentrations of colchicine and long time to deal with have the greater inhibitory effect on seedling growth and slower effect on differentiation. The conditions of the growing are greater when the concentrations of processing 12 h with 0.01% and 0.1% than the other concentrations.2. From the agronomic traits : In harvest period stem diameter of control(CK) is 0.79 cm, stem diameter of the handling 12(0.4%, 24h) is up to 1.3cm, whose stem diameter is of 64% compared with the control treatment, And it was stout compared with each treatments. With the increase of concentration and treatment time, the branch number of Echium vulgare plants showed a decreasing trend, which the Treatment 15(0.4%, 36h) and Treatment 16(0.6%, 36h) has the minimum 10 of branches was. Treatment 16(0.6%, 36h) have the shortest height 54.1cm, compared to control treatment(CK), it was shorter 45.9%;Mean of each level of immersion time of colchicine treatment root fresh weight(dry) were 56.79g( 26.08g), 59.58g(27.34g),53.88g(25.8g), After view for 24 h, the fresh weight of root(dry weight of root) was the maximum; each concentration levels of medicament under treatment, means of the fresh weight of root(Dry weight of root) were 56.1g(25.3g), 56.3 g(25.9g), 57.4g(26.8g), 54.87 g(24.8g), 55.2 g(24.33g), performance when the concentration is 0.2%, The fresh weight of root(dry weight of root) is the maximum. The figures above indicates that the treatment(0.2%-0.4%, 24h) show the best performance.3. It showed that the "two peak-valley" phenomenon in the day change of the net photosynthetic rate in different growth stages of Echium vulgare after adoption of different colchicine treatments. All treatments occured peak at 10:00 and 14:00. Valley occured at 12:00 that showed the midday depression of photosynthesis. Diurnal variation showed the lowest value until 16:00; However, individual part of the processing did not exhibit "midday depression" phenomenon, showing as follows: colchicine concentration is 0.2%, handling after 24 h, it occured a peak at 12:00 25.9μmol·m-2·s-1, followed by soaking time 36 h net photosynthetic rate 24.5μmol·m-2·s-1.This showed that Treatment 9(0.2%, 24h) occured the maximum net photosynthetic rate, the groth of the situation was the best.4. The soluble sugar content of each treatment were higher than control treatment(CK). With the changes in processing time and concentration, soluble sugar content increaseed gradually and then became smaller: soluble sugar content of Treatment 9(0.2%, 24h) is 0.88 percent, which reached the highest value which is 56.3% greater than control treatment(CK) in each of the treatments. Treatment 12(0.4%, 24h) reached a maximum, the maximum of all the various treatment groups for 0.002856 μmol/G FW. Compared with the control of MDA content more than 19.5%. POD activity, SOD activity content of Treatment 9(0.2%, 24h) reached the maximum,which were 255U/g FW、266U/g FW; the soluble sugar, MDA, POD, SOD were significantly higher than the control treatment. Considering Treatment 9(0.2%, 24h) and Treatment 12(0.4%, 24h), it showed all indexes were relatively high, indicating that at this time the Echium vulgare produced larger capacity to resist outside interference.In summary, each of colchicine treatments on the external environment and their own against mutagens stress showed different adaptabilitites. Treatment 2(0.01%, 12h) germinate and grow the best. With the increase of concentration and treatment time, Echium vulgare seeds germination situation was less effective, indicating that colchicine inhibit their growth; the performance of Echium vulgare at various stages of growth(0.4%, 24h) of the Treatment 12 stems were stout dwarf, no lodging and no broken branches phenomenon, The whole plant fresh weight(dry) and the content of MDA,Content of POD and SOD became maximum; viewed from the physiological and biochemical aspects of Treatment 9(0.2%, 24h) in photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar, were significantly higher than that of colchicine treatments, Treatment 12(0.4%, 24h) followed. Therefore, when the concentration was 0.2%-0.4% and processing time arrives at 24 h that show the best view trait.