Research On Forest Fire Monitoring Based On ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network

The forest is one of the natural resources of human’s survival. Currently, forest fires often occur and present a tendency of increasing all over the world year by year due to natural or man-made reasons. The forests and the securities of human’s life and property are threatened and irreparable losses are caused once forest fires happen. Moreover, our country’s forest resources are quite scarce, which determines that how to monitor and prevent the happening of forest fires effectively becomes more and more important.In view of the problems such as high cost, vulnerable to weather, poor real-time which forest fire monitoring technologies and methods at home and abroad have, this paper proposes a forest fire monitoring system solution based on ZigBee wireless sensor network. This system uses the sensor nodes to collect the data of temperature, humidity, light intensity, atmospheric pressure and smoke concentration. Then the data is transferred to the gateway node according to the tree network topology. At last, the data is sent to the remote monitoring center via the Internet network through GPRS. The personal computer software in the monitoring center can not only display the forest environment data which is collected in real time, but also has the function of drawing data curves. The data will provide our country’s forestry department about the prevention of forest fires with important theoretical analysis and decision-making basis.Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the significances and importance of forest fire monitoring and the research status of forest fire monitoring at home and abroad. Secondly, this paper introduces the emerging ZigBee technology in wireless sensor network. After comparing ZigBee technology with other short-range wireless communication technologies, this paper finally chooses it as the wireless communication protocol of forest fire monitoring system. Secondly, according to the complexity and particularity of forest monitoring environment, this paper puts forward the overall the design scheme of the system. On the basis of the scheme, this paper expounds hardware circuit design and software design process of the nodes in the system in detail. Finally, combining laboratory and simulative forest environment, this paper tests the basic function and the comprehensive performance of the nodes in the system. And this paper completes the test of the whole system based on the test data of the nodes. Test results indicate that the ZigBee nodes have excellent performances and the whole system has a good real-time performance, stability and reliability during collecting and transmitting data, which can satisfy the requirement of actual forest fire monitoring.