Effects Of Fertilizer Anniversary Management On Dry Matter Production And Nutrient Utilization Of Winter Wheat-summer Maize In Lime Concretion Black Soil

For the prominent problems of random blind fertilization, ambiguity of allocation proportion between the two crops, the low utilization rate and sever waste of fertilizer about the input of NPK nutrients in winter wheat/summer maize double cropping rotation crop region, the experiment aimed to balance the production and the efficient use of fertilizer in lime concretion black soil of southeast Henan, setting up different allocation trail of N/P/K in located fields of farm Shangshui from 2012-2014, to study the effects of the allocation of NPK between two crops on the production of winter wheat, summer maize,dry matter production and the absorption of NPK winter with two levels nitrogen input and same amount of NPK. The main results are as follows.1. The effects of anniversary of the fertilizer management on the dry matter production and transportation of winter wheat- summer maize.With the advancing of winter wheat growth period, the quantity of accumulated dry matter presents “S”-type variation trend in different allocation treatments with two different N levels,which reaches maximum at mature period, and the dry matter quantity of summer maize increased rapidly after silking stage. When the input of N was low, the amount of accumulated dry matter of single crop or anniversary wheat-maize two crops were high with P4 treatment that high phosphorus in wheat season, high potassium in maize season. When the input of N was higher, the quantity of accumulated dry matter was highest with P6 and P8 treatment in two different years respectively at mature stage. But from the results of single summer maize and anniversary wheat-maize two crops, the result of P8 treatment that P/K were distributed to two seasons was the highest. As a whole, compared to the low N input, the amount of accumulated dry matter of single crop or anniversary wheat-maize two crops with high N input was better. The leaf and stem of winter wheat and summer maize are the important organs for transferring the storage dry matter in vegetative organs before flowering to grains, and the amount of transferring dry matter among different vegetative organs was stem>leaf>sheath>cob+glume shell. Under the low nitrogen treatment, P4 treatment was contributed to coordinate the transportation of the storage dry matter in vegetative organs before flowering and the accumulation of assimilating substance after flowering; but P6 and P8 treatments benefited coordinating with t ransferring the storage dry matter in vegetative organs to grains and the increasement of assimilated substance after flowering. Under two different N inputs, the contribution rate that the transition amount of dry matter to grain before flowering was lower than the assimilated substance after flowering.2. The effects of anniversary of the fertilizer management on the winter wheat-summer maize yield and their component factors.Under the high N input, the yields of single crop and two crops were highest with the treatment that N/P was applied to two crops respectively, the reasonable allocation of N/P/K can promote the coordinated development of three yield factors. From the whole results, under the two different N input levels, The ear number of winter wheat were maximum with P8 treatment,higher than the treatments of P1/P3/P7, and the average growth were 44.4%、34.8%、25.3%; but the P8 that high P in wheat season and high K in maize season or the P6 that whole P in wheat season and high K in maize season had significant influence on yield of summer maize, and the ear length and the row grains were maximum with two combined application of N/P. based on the results of single crop and anniversary two crops, balancing the application of N/P/K can promote the coordinated development of three yield factors, the grain outputs of whole year were highest with P8 treatment that high P in wheat season and high K in maize season between two years, and the yields were 21274.2 kg/hm2 and 20219.1 kg/hm2 respectively, which were higher than the yields with the treatments of P1/P2 significantly.3.The effects of anniversary of the fertilizer management on the efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize nutrient utilization in in lime concretion black soil.The study indicated that the aboveground nutrient content of winter wheat and summer maize showed N>K>P, similar to the anniversary of the management. Compared to the low N input level, the treatment that N/P was applied to two crops respectively was good to improve the total contents of aboveground N/P/K, but the PFP, NUPE and NUTE would decrease.As a whole, the utilization of N/P/K with P4 treatment that high P in wheat season and high K in maize season was better than other treatments under low N input level.Based on the results of single crop and anniversary two crops, the PFP and NUPE of N with P8 treatment that P/K was distributed in two seasons respectively under high N input level were higher that other treatments, and the rule was similar to the utilization of P/K.Considering the yields and the utilization rate of fertilizer, the mode of high P in wheat season and high K in maize season can be adopted as optimized mode of high yield and high efficiency of fertilizer in lime concretion black soil regions.