Effects Of Copper On Growth And Development Of Pleurotus Ostreatus

As one of an essential micronutrient, copper plays an important role in the growth and development of edible mushrooms. Many researches have showned that copper is beneficial at low concentrations and toxic at high concentrations to edible mushrooms. In this paper, the effect of copper on mycelial growth, antioxidant enzymes, induction of primordia, absorption and distribution of copper and other micronutrients of Yaguang No. 1 of Pleurotus ostreatus was studied. The main results are as follows:1. Copper at 100~250μM in PDA medium can promote the rapid growth of the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus.Mycelium is very white and grows fast and colonies’ s edge is neat. Copper at 1000μM can significantly inhibit growth of mycelium and toward one side; Copper at 250~500μM in PD medium can increase dry weight of mycelia, while copper at 1000μM decreases that of Pleurotus ostreatus.2.Copper stress induced lipid peroxidation and changed thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) content of mycelia with a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Copper stress has different effects on different antioxidant enzymes. The activities of SOD and POD were enhanced continuously exposed to copper stress, while the activity of CAT was decreased during the initial 12 h of copper stress, then induced after that time and decreased again after 48 h. We detected one band of SOD and three bands of POD by using non-denaturing PAGE in the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus; the brightness of bands of SOD and POD has the similar tendency with activities of SOD and POD.3. Copper at low concentrations in the culture compost can promote the rapid growth of the mycelium and increase dry weight of mushroom, while copper at high concentrations can inhibit growth of the mycelium and decrease dry weight of mushroom. Copper at different concentrations has significant effect on induction of primordia. Copper at 1500mg/kg can significantly promote induction of primordia of mushroom. Copper at different concentrations has significant effect on quality of fruiting body. The copper at 1000 mg/kg had the highest content of protein, amino acid and crude fat of the fruiting body, that is 24.88%, 16% and 2.34% respectively. Copper content of fruiting body increased with addition of copper in the culture compost, and copper concentrations had an effect on distribution of copper in fruit body. Copper content of stipe is lower than that of pileus in low concentrations at 0~500mg/kg, while Copper content of stipe is higher than that of pileus in high concentrations at 1000~3000mg/kg. And copper concentrations had an effect on absorption of other micronutrients such as Zn, Mn and Fe. Generally speaking, content of Zn, Mn and Fe in pileus is higher than that of stipe.