| Lesser Kingan was the most typical and important ecological system with abundant species diversity and ecosystem stability, in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, its productivity was extremely high. The aboveground vegetation ecological system and belowground soil ecological system were strongly correlated. Soil microbial was a sensitive indicator which could evaluate soil conditions and reflect the health of ecological system in virgin Korean pine forest. Therefore, to study the characteristics of soil microbial diversity could reveal the internal causes of high productivity, stable ecosystem and richness species in virgin Korean pine forest.In this study virgin Korean pine forests was take as research object, the Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii Rupr forests were chosen as check. Soil physicochemical properties analysis method, BIOLOG-ECO micro plate technique were used to study the relationship among soil microbial diversity, soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activity in four forest types. So as to provide basis theory for virgin Korean pine forests protection. The results indicate that:1、In four forest types, soil water content in 0-20cm layer soil was higher than that in surface soil. Soil water content in Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest and Tilia amurensis Rupr forest were significantly higher contrast with Larix gmelinii Rupr forest and Betula platyphylla forest. Soil nutrient were diminished with the deep of soil layer. Soil organic matter was the highest in Tilia amurensis Rupr forest, and there was a significantly difference among all the forest types. Hydrolyzable nitrogen content was highest in both Tilia amurensis Rupr and Betula platyphylla forest. Available K content was significantly or extremely significantly high in Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest (P<0.01、P<0.05). Available P content in the surface soil was highest in artificial forests, but in 0-20cm soil layer available P content was significantly high in Betula platyphylla forest (P<0.05).All the four forest types were belonging to acid soil, the soil pH value were less than seven.2、Trend of soil enzyme activity was significantly degrade with deep of soil(P<0.05) Activity of catalase was significantly high in both Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest and Larix gmelinii Rupr forest (P<0.05). (3-Glucosidase activity in surface soil layer was the highest in Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest and Tilia amurensis Rupr forest, but there was no significantly difference among the four forest types in 0-20cm soil layer. Polyphenol oxidase was significantly highest in Larix gmelinii Rupr forest (P<0.05).But activity of urease was increase with the deep of soil in artificial forest. In Tilia amurensis Rupr forest, urease activity was significantly high (P<0.05). Acid phosphates activity was significantly highest in Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest and Betula platyphylla forest (P<0.05)3、The trend of soil microbial number was Tilia amurensis Rupr forest> Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest> Betula platyphylla forest>Larix gmelinii Rupr forest. Diversity indexes of bacterium were highest in both Abies nephrolepis Maxim forest and Tilia amurensis Rupr forest. Three major community indexes of soil microbial in Betula platyphylla forest were similar with virgin Korean pine forests, but diversity indexes J and D of fungus were highest. In Larix gmelinii Rupr forest, diversity indexes of bacterium were higher than fungus and actinomycete, but diversity indexes Hand S of actinomycete were higher than that of fungus.4、In virgin Korean pine forests AWCD value was significantly higher than that in artificial forests, showed a strong use ability of single carbon sources. Community diversity index SW, SP and Mclntosh were extremely high in virgin Korean pine forests. Utilizing efficiency of carbon sources were diminished with the deep of soil. In surface and 0-20cm soil layers, utilizing efficiency of six kinds of carbon sources by soil microbial were highest in Tilia amurensis Rupr forest, lowest in Larix gmelinii Rupr forest.5、Soil microbial diversity was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with some of soil physicochemical properties. It was no significant correlation between soil microbial diversity and water temperature, water content. But soil nutrient and pH value were both significantly and extremely significantly positive correlation with soil microbial number, community diversity index, AWCD value, utilizing efficiency of carbon sources.6、There was a significant correlation between soil microbial diversity and soil enzyme activity. Soil enzyme activity was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with soil microbial number, community diversity index SW and SP, utilizing efficiency of carbon sources, AWCD value. But negative correlation with Mclntosh index (P<0.01、 P<0.05)... |
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