Research On Ecological Cultivation Technology Of Camellia Oleifera Abel Effciently

Camellia Oleifera Abel is a small evergreen tree of camellia oleifera theaceae also as known as tea tree or tea oil tree. It is the woody oil trees with largest areas cultivated and wider range of distribution. There are many problems in camellia woodland at present, such as extensive management, out-dated technology, and low yields. To solve the problems above, this paper mainly studied on 1) woodland maintenance, soil and water conservation ecological cultivation, 2) pollination enhancement, ecological cultivation to protect flower and fruit, 3) and effect on pollination and fruit-set rate by plant growth regulator of exogenous woodland in camellia woodland. The results showed those below:(1)Through research on the species biodiversity of understoray and status of compound management in camellia woodlands, we found that understory plants like Rhus chinensi, Aralia chinensis, Smilax china, Rubus buergeri and herbs like Dicranopteris pedata, f Pteridium aquillium var.latiusculum, Arthraxon hispidus were relatively rich and usual because of human disturbance. It’s suggesting that the underplants of camellia woodlands were complex and unstabled secondary. The camellia woodlands compound management may focus on several short or pervious economic effect models, such as intercropped the camellia and leguminous crops, and interplanted the camellia and sarcandra glabra(Thunb.) Nakai et al. Chinese medicinal materials, and mixed with Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.) et al. economic fruit tree and Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers. pasture. We plowed reasonable and replaced foster for plow to improve soil and increase production of camellia seed using compound management models. We also summaried and analyzed the current situation of different models like camellia and sarcandra glabra, camellia and callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun models and their application effect on soil improvement and camellia seed production.(2)The experiments suggestted those three kinds of efficient ecological cultivation models to maintenance soil and water conservation and to enhance pollination and fruit of camellia:(1)Soil improvement ecological cultivation model to interplant leguminous plants like Cassia tora and lespedeza. Planting Cassia tora could improve total and available nutrients of soil, especially increased soil organic matter. At the same time, the cultivation of Cassia tora might increase coverage of camellia woodland in hot season, also could reduce soil temperature and moisture evaporation, and then improve the soil moisture content of each soil layer for camellia growthing.(2)Soil and water conservation ecological cultivation model to interplant lespedeza at the band edge. Planting lespedeza in camellia woodland at horizontal edge, could improve soil nutrient conditions and soil water-holding capacity and erosion resistance meanwhile. The soil moisture content might increase by 15-20%, and the soil erosion might reduce by 5-10 cm depth in camellia woodland.(3)Ecological conservation compound cultivation model to interplant leguminous plant. Planting the mesquite or nectariferous plant at horizontal margin, and protection against fallen petal fruit trees like tulip poplar at upper story and border, and Cassia tora shrub in camellia woodland, all couldconstruct a microclimate and soil environment for camellia grew well. The ecological environment might improve soil moisture content, reduce the fallen petal fruit drop caused by drought, and introduce insect pollinators to play a positive role on improving the camellia pollination rate.(3) From observation on differential pollination insects of the L. formosa woodland plant, lespedeza pollination insects were the main pollinators of camellia woodlands mostly, in particular, bees, wasps, syrphidae, fritillary and pieridae. Therefore, planting L. formosa with camellia woodlands will have advantage of introduction pollinators, cultivation and protection. Through planting tall deciduous trees Liriodendron chinense(Hemsl.) Sarg. above camellia woodlands with Cassia obtusifolia Linn. interplanting test, we found that the temperature inside was lower than outside each time phrase in the summer, especially between 11:00 and 15:00. The average temperature was 34.4 ℃ outside, and was 32.5 ℃ inside camellia woodlands. And the relative humidity inside was higher the outside areas by 4.2% average. The test of soil moisture content in April to November showed that soil moisture content of study plots were higher than each of control at each period, by 2.6%, 2.35%, 1.79% higher than that of control in July, August and September, respectively.(4) We applied plant growth regulator and nutrient elements cooperatively to improve the camellia fruit-set rate. We adopted three kinds of spraying treatment by No. 4, No. 40, No. 53 and No. 55 of Changlin respectively. The results showed that, spraying nutrient with growth regulator(2000mg/L CTK plus 0.5% urea plus 0.5% monopotassium phosphate plus bamboo vinegar) had best effect to improve the number of flowering(for No. 4, No. 40, No. 53 and No. 55 of Changlin by 47.62%, 73.89%, 28.45%, 129.02%), the fruit production(for No. 4, No. 40, No. 53 and No. 55 of Changlin by 81.44%, 94.04%, 111.62%, 180.06%), and fresh fruit weight(for No. 4, No. 40, No. 53 and No. 55 of Changlin by 57.05%, 75.00%, 75.00%, 139.32%) of camellia woodland. Different agents for the same cultivars and same medicament for different cultivars, both have different effects. The bamboo vinegar is a byproduct of bamboo pyrolysis, main ingrediented by water, organic acid, phenol, ketones, alcohols and esters, and other components. The experiment showed that the bamboo vinegar cooperate with other nutrient elements could promote flower bud differentiation and improve the effect of fruit-set rate.