Study On The Compatibility Of Pollination And Characteristic Of Seedling In Xinjiang Local Apricot Varieties

In order to study the cross compatibility and seedling characteristics of the Xinjiang local apricot cultivars, 103 Xinjiang local and other cline apricot varieties were taken as test materials, the cross compatibility and self-incompatibility, seed characteristics, cross seed seedling characteristics were investigated, the main results were as follows:(1) The average pollen quantity of 34 Xinjiang local apricot cultivars per anther were 1 213.7grains; the average pollen viability was 46.0%. Just 6 cultivars of the 34 apricot cultivars were discovered self-compatibility and the others which the fruit setting rate of self-pollination was low showed gametophyte eself-incompatibility. There were great differences among different cultivars. Pollen tubes of the cultivars which shown high self-incompatibility and stopped developing after reached the 1/3or1/2 of style, and only a few pollen tubes of the cultivars that shown low self-incompatibility reached the ovary, and the normal fertilizations ratio was significantly less than those in self-compatibility cultivars.(2) The average fruit setting rate of 72 cross combinations of Xinjiang local apricot cultivars was 25.9%, which was 2.7 times higher than the average natural pollination; ‘Akeayi’ pollinated with the pollens from ‘Luntaibaixing’ reached the highest fruiting rate 64.2%. The fluorescence microscopic observation results showed that the pollen of most apricot cultivars had started to germinate and elongate on stigma after 24 hours of pollination, and the pollen tubes of all cultivars reached to style base after 96 hours, but there were significant differences in the germination rate and pollen tube growth speed of various cross combinations; the most pollen tubes of nine cross combinations like the female parent ‘Jianali’ was pollinated with the male parent ‘Kuerletuoyong’ stopped growing after reached the middle and lower part of style, and only a few can reached the ovary and completed the fertilizations and its growth speed was too slow, fertilization ratio was too low and showed the cross-incompatibility, of which fruiting rate was less than 6%. And the pollination combinations that fruit setting rate was high showed strong compatibility, of which the pollen tube growing was fast and mostly reached the style base, the fertilization ratio was high and were suitable to be used in gardens.(3)There were significantly differences seed characteristics among 103 apricot varieties; the most of kernels were sweet. The seed was larger in ‘Huanna’ series whereas the‘Hongdeke’ series was smaller. Kernel percentage and shell thickness had some influence on germination rate. The germination rate was higher of the eight apricot varieties and ‘Sailaikehuanna’ have thinner seed shell and higher kernel percentage. However, the germination rate was loweror even down to zero of the twelve apricot varieties like ‘Anjianghuanna’ which had thickness seed shell and lower kernel percentage. But the three diameter and mass weightof seed and kernel had smaller effects on the germination rate(4) 29 varieties had no emergence after the 103 varieties of apricot field had been sowed, and seedling rate was 58.3%, growth status and rate of seedlings among different varieties were different, the highest seedling emergence rate and seedling ratewas the varieties of ‘Xiheiyexing’, and the nine apricot varieties like ‘Shushanggan’ were more than 50%. The seedling of 19 apricot varieties like ‘Kaerhuanna’ was the earliest whereas the ‘Luofu1’was the latest. The most seedling varieties of plant height were in the range of 60 cm to 120 cm after 190 days, and ‘Kaerhuanna’ were higher than 150 cm, Xinjiang varieties were accounted for the larger proportion and the 20 apricot varieties like ‘Kabakehuanna’ were more than 120 cm, the plant height was less than 60 cm like ‘Cuijianali’ and ‘Huangqiligan’.There were 95.8% combinations obtained the seeds in 72 combinations, and the 31.9% combinations of the seeds less than 10 grains, and 56.5% combinations germinated after stratified, and had higher seedling emergence rate and seedling rate after the field sowing, the plants growth increment was large and prosperous. Only a handful of combinations hadlower seedling emergence rate and seedling rates after the field sowing, the plants growth increment small and weaker. Growth status of seedlings among different cross combinations were different, but overall growth was relatively concentrated. In the arid and rainless climate conditions in Xinjiang can obtained higher energetic seeds, which were to get hybridization progenies easily.