Production Of Solid State Fermentation Feed And Its Application In Apostichopus Japonicas Cultivation

With the rapid development of sea cucumber aquaculture, lots of problems were exposed out, such as feed utilization efficiency is low and residual feed pollutes the water in sea cucumber feed industry become more and more severer. Fermented feed has advantages including more sufficient nurture, improving the feeding rate and the palatability of animals. Using solid state fermentation(SSF) feed is an effective solution to solve the problems. In this study, SSF feed of A. japonicus was produced by yeast, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, then the nurtritional changes before and after fermentation were determined. Feeding experiment lasting 50 d was taken to study the effect of fermented feed on growth, activity of digestive enzyme, immunity and disease resistance in A. japonica cultivate.The results showed that, compared to unfermented feed, no significant changes were found in protein and crude ash content of fermented feed, while soluble reducing sugar increased 3.84 times significantly; crude fibre reduced from 24.62% to 19.62%. These results illustated fermented feed provided better nutrition than unfermeted feed for A. japonicas. The feeding experiment showed that weight gain rate of A. japonicas from fermented feed group increased by 18.30% than those from control group, it is proved that fermented feed effected significantly on growth of A. japonicas. At sixth day, nitrite concertration of the water of fermented feed group was significantly lower than that of control group, except that there is no significant differences with ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and sulfide before changing poors. Fermented feed had significant effect on amylse activity and cellulase activity, however, protease activity, lipase activity and alginase activity had no significant differences between both groups, it proved that fermented feed could increased digestive enzyme activity of A. japonicas partly. The effect of fermented feed on immunity of A. japonicas indicated that total coelomocytes counts, lyssozyme activity, superoxide dismutase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity of A. japonicas had no significant differences between both groups, but phagocytic rate, total nitric oxide synthase activity and acide phosphatase activity of A. japonicas fed with fermented feed significantly higher than those fed with unfermented. After Vibrio. Splendidus challenge, the cumulative mortality of A. japonica of fermented feed group was significantly lower than those of control group. The study showed that fermented feed could enhance the non-specific immunity and disease resistance of A. japonicas.In conclusion, fermented feed provided better nutrition and worked well in A. japonicas cultivate by increasing activity of digestive enzyme, immunity and disease resistance. Fermented feed will have a good prospect in the future.