Growth And Development And Yield Of Different Peanut Cultivars Grown In Paddy-upland Crops Rotation Soil And Upland Red Earth Soil

Peanuts has the unique characteristics of flowering ground whereas fruiting underground which is different from most crops, so the underground environment in which peanut pods grow is particularly important. To study the soil ecological adaptability, productivity level of different peanut genotypes, a comparative study was conducted with two large-acreage peanut growing soils in Hunan region ie upland red earth soil (URES) and paddy-upland crops rotation soil (PUCRS),and five peanut cultivars from the Yangtze River, therefore provides a theoretical basis for URES improvement and peanut varieties ecoregion layout.Soil samples analysis showed that pH values in URES (pH4.8) and PUCRS (pH4.9) were all lower than the appropriate pH (6.5-7.5) for peanut growth and development; the organic matter content, nitrogen, total nitrogen, effective boron and exchangeable Calcium in URES were below the critical value required for normal growth and development of peanut in different degrees, while organic matter, nitrogen and total nitrogen are all higher than the critical value in PUCRS due to long-term fertilization, but exchangeable Calcium content is far below the critical value.By analyzing dynamic of growth and development of peanut and economic traits in URES and PUCRS, the following conclusions were obtained:peanut productivity in PUCRS is much higher than in URES, of which pod yield is18.1%-72.3%higher, kernel yield19.3%-76.7%higher, however, there were large gaps with the local climatic production potential; corresponding total number of branches, per plant productivity, extent of pod plumpness were better than that of URES. Large differences were existed among genotypes, of which c.v304-256-1showed strongest ecological adaptability to the two types of soil and had highest yield, while c.v Luohua2had poor ecological adaptability, large yield reduction, c.v Ganghua7002, c.v Luhua10had middle yield levels in the both soil. It showed, peanuts not only belongs to the legume pioneer crops for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, hence is more adaptable to barren URES than other crops, but also tolerant to soil with abundant water and better fertility, hence obtained much higher yields in PUCRS than that in URES. Therefore, soil ecology and fertility of URES for peanut planting must been improved.